Firefighter Orientation Flashcards by Chris Galdon

How many deaths per year is caused by CVD

One million

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What is CVD

Cardiovascular disease

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What does blood carry

Oxygen and nutrients

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If blood flow is impeded to the heart a ___________occures

Heart attack

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2 specific types of CVD

CHD coronary heart disease

CAD coronary artery disease

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The tubular vessels which carry oxygenated blood from the heart through the body

Artery

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What is a lack of oxygen called?

Ischemia

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What is is called when Heart tissue dies

Infarction

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A heart attack (portion of the heart tissue is destroyed)

Myocardial infarction

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__________refers to the disease condition in which plaque builds up in the arterial wall causing the size of the vessel opening to become narrow

Atherosclerosis

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Atherosclerosis begins__________

Early in life. As early as the 20’s

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Is CVD a short term or long term disease?

Long-term

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Can CVD reach advanced stages without overt symptoms?

Yes!

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What is the 1st sign of CVD?

A fatal heart attack.

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A chronic disease characterized by deposits of fatty substances and cholesterol on the inner layers of the arterial wall. Can lead to obstruction or destruction of the artery wall.

Atherosclerosis

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A characteristic that is present early in life and is associated with an increased risk of developing future disease

A health risk factor

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Risk factors that cannot be modified.

) Age
) Heredity
) Race
) Gender

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) Age
) Heredity
) Race
) Gender

Risk factors that cannot be modified.

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Risk factors that can be modified.

) Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels) (Cholesterol-lipid fractions)
) Cigarette smoking
) Diabetes mellitus (diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance)
) Hypertension ( high blood pressure )
) Obesity
) Physical inactivity

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) Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels) (Cholesterol-lipid fractions)
) Cigarette smoking
) Diabetes mellitus (diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance)
) Hypertension ( high blood pressure )
) Obesity
) Physical inactivity

Risk factors that can be modified.

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Also known as high blood pressure, it is recognized by unstable or persistent elevation of blood pressure above the normal range.

Hypertension

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_____________acounts for 430,000 deaths per year in the US. 40% of them are due to CVD

Smoking

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Smoking increases the risk of

)
)
)
)

) Sudden cardiac death
) Aortic Aneurysm
) Peripheral vascular disease
) Stroke

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1.) Sudden cardiac death
2.) Aortic Aneurysm
3.) Peripheral vascular disease
4.) Stroke
Are increased by ___________

Smoking

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Smoking 1 pack a day ____________ the risk of CVD

Doubles

Smoking more than 1 pack ____________ the risk of CVD

Triples

As the number of cigarettes smoked increases, so does the risk of 1. ) 2. )

1. ) Coronary artery disease(CAD) | 2. ) Stroke

____________refers to a chronic, persistent elevation of blood pressure.

Hypertension

140/90 is considered______________

hypertension

The risk of death doubles with a BP equal or greater than___________

140 / 90

If untreated, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension die from______________

Coronary heart disease(CHD) or | Congestive heart failure (CHF)

If untreated, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension die from Coronary heart disease (CHD) or Congestive heart failure (CHF), another 33% die from_____________

Stroke

If untreated, approximately 50% of patients with hypertension die from Coronary heart disease (CHD) or Congestive heart failure (CHF), another 33% die from stroke and 10 to 15% die due to ____________

Renal failure

The primary lifestyle modifications to help reduce hypertension include 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. ) 5. )

1. ) Smoking cessation 2. ) Diet and exercise 3. ) losing weight 4. ) increasing physical activity levels 5. ) decreasing salt intake

Blood lipids are comprised primarily of _________ and __________

Triglycerides and cholesterol

Cholesterol and triglycerides are carried in the blood by a _______________

Lipoprotein molecule

Lipoprotein molecules carry __________and _________ through the blood.

Triglycerides and cholesterol

20% of the adult population is ____________ and another 25% - 30% is __________

Obese Overweight

Obesity is associated with a number of diseases including 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. )

1. ) Cardiovascular disease(high blood pressure, ect) 2. ) Diabetes 3. ) Gallbladder disease 4. ) Cancer

When a person loses weight through exercise alone they lose__________

Fat and muscle

A person who loses weight through a combination of diet and exercise loses almost exclusively_________

Fat weight

_________ is a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to use sugar (glucose) effectively

Diabetes

Patients who are _________ have a 300% - 500% increased risk of a cardiac event.

Diabetic

70% of all deaths among diabetic patients are from__________

CVD

Diabetes often coexists with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In fact, the cluster of risk factors has been termed ___________

Metabolic syndrome X

Metabolic syndrome X is a cluster of risk factors that include? 1. ) 2. ) 3. )

1. ) Abdominal obesity 2. ) Hypertension 3. ) Diabetes

The risk of CVD is twice as likely in ____________ and almost the same as people with____________or______________.

Inactive people | Hypertension Or High cholesterol

___________ is responsible for 200,000 deaths per year in the US.

Physical Inactivity

To reduce the risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke it is imperative that firefighters: 1. ) 2. ) 3. )

1. ) Do not smoke 2. ) Follow a regimen of moderate aerobic exercise. 3. ) Eat a balanced diet, avoid excess simple sugars, and maintain a normal body weight.

__________benefits five of the six modifiable risk factors.

Physical activity.

These risk factors are effected by this______________ 1. ) Decreased Blood Pressure 2. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile 3. ) Decreased Body Fat 4. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance 5. )Eliminates Physical Inactivity

Exercise Moderately

What risk factors does exercise moderately affect 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. ) 5. )

1. ) Decreased Blood Pressure 2. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile 3. ) Decreased Body Fat 4. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance 5. )Eliminates Physical Inactivity

These risk factors are effected by this______________ 1. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile 2. ) Decreased Body Weight 3. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance 4. ) May Decrease Blood Pressure

Eat a Balanced Diet

What risk factors does exercise eating a balanced diet affect 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. )

1. ) Improved Lipid (Cholesterol) Profile 2. ) Decreased Body Weight 3. ) Improved Glucose Tolerance 4. ) May Decrease Blood Pressure

Strength and flexibility training can effectively develop _____________, _____________and _______________ around the joints and is strongly recommended for health, fitness injury prevention, rehabilitation, and for improving one's overall quality of life.

1. ) Musculoskeletal strength, 2. ) Musculoskeletal endurance 3. ) Functional movement

Strength and flexibility training can effectively develop Musculoskeletal strength, Musculoskeletal endurance and Functional movement around the joints and is strongly recommended for _________, __________,_________, and for ______________

1. ) health 2. ) fitness injury prevention 3. ) rehabilitation 4. ) improving one's overall quality of life.

___________is the ability to move a joint freely through an entire range of motion.

Flexibility

Many muscular and skeletal problems result from ______________

Poor flexibility

__________is the most neglected aspect of a physical fitness program.

Flexibility

With age muscles ____________, diminishing the ________________ in a joint, ____________ or ____________ day-to-day activities and movements,

Shorten( tighten ) Range of motion Hinder or halting

A regular stretching program can help _________your muscles and ____________ or _____________ flexibility.

Lengthen Maintain Restore

Flexibility (increases or decreases) risk of injury?

Decreases Increasing range of motion decreases the resistance in various tissues. An individual is therefore less likely to incur injury by exceeding tissue extensibility or maximum range of movement of tissues during activity.

Flexibility (increases or decreases) physical efficiency and performance?

Increases | A flexible joint has the ability to move farther in its range and requires less energy to do so.

Flexibility (increases or decreases) tissue temperature

Increases | An increase in tissue temperature increases circulation and nutrient transport due to decreased joint viscosity

Flexibility (increases or decreases) neuromuscular coordination?

Increases An increase in coordination, or ease of movement, occurs because of an increase in nerve impulse velocity. In attuning the central nervous system to the physical demands placed upon it, opposing muscle groups work in a more synergistic or coordinated fashion.

Flexibility training ( increases or reduces ) muscle soreness?

Post-exercise stretching is extremely effective in reducing localized, muscular soreness, typically experienced 12-72 hours after exercise.

The benefits of strength training include: 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. )

Improved body composition, muscle growth, ,and metabolism Improved physical functioning Decreased risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis Improved flexibility

Ergonomic-related disorders include cumulative __________ and ____________

trauma disorders | back disorders

Ergonomic-related disorders include cumulative trauma disorders and back disorders. Alone, these injuries, which are often developed __________ as a result of ____________, ___________, and ____________ pose threats.

Over time Undirected behaviors, Postures, And habits

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) can be described as ________________________ because of over use.

Wear and tear on joints and surrounding tissue

What is CTDs

Cumulative Trauma Disorders.

________________are injuries that result because if a onetime event such as a cut or fall.

Acute trauma

Cumulative trauma is also known by a variety of terms, such as 1. ) 2. ) 3. )

Musculoskeletal disorders Overuse syndrome Repetitive motion

Cumulative trauma disorders can affect any area of the body where tendons, joints, and nerves are found. True or False

True

Most commonly CTDs target the upper body? | True or False

True | While acute injuries resulting from a single event do occurs to the upper extremities

Most CTDs fall into 2 main categories 1. ) 2. )

Tendonites: Nerve compression

___________sereve as links that connect muscle to bone and come into play whenever a muscle is used for motion of a bone structure

Tendons

The benefits of a strength training program include: 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. )

Improved body composition, muscle growth, and metabolism Improved physical functioning Decreased risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis Improved flexibility

List the 7 on the job risk factors

``` (Factrs v) Force Award posture Contact stress Temperature extremes Repetition Stressful conditions Vibration ```

_____________ risk increases with the number and frequency of the motions made by a particular part of the body.

Repetition

__________ risk increases with the amount of extertin required for a particular motions.

Force

_________ Risk increases with the positions of the body, which deviate from a neutral position;primarily bent wrist, elbows away from their normal positions at the side of the body, and a bent or twisted lower back.

Awkward posture

__________arisk increases with excessive contact between sensitive body tissue and sharp edges or unforgiving surfaces on a tool or piece of equipment.

Contact stress

_______________Risk increases with exposure to vibrating tools or equipment, weather a hand-held power tool or a whole-body vibration.

Vibration

___________Risk increases with exposure to excessive heat or cold.

Temperature extremes

__________Risk increases with a certain stressful situation at work or due to the nature of the work.

Stressful conditions.

Next to the common cold ____________ is the reason most often cited for job absenteeism.

Back disorders.

Types of most common back disorders 1. ) 2. ) 3. ) 4. )

1. ) Pulled or strained muscle 2. ) ligaments 3. ) Tendons 4. ) Discs

Most back disorders result from________ or _________ injury rather than from one specific incident.

Chronic Long-term

When back muscles or ligaments are injured from __________ or __________, the back muscle, discs, and ligaments can become scared and weakened and lose their ability to support the back.

Repetitive pulling | Straining

Caused by overuse of the muscles of the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

Lumbosacral strain

Caused by overuse of the muscles of the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

Sacroiliitis

Caused by inflammation from overuse of the lumbar muscle of the joints between the lowest and sacral areas if the back, spinal bones( sacrum ), and the hip bones(ilium)

Sacroiliitis

Lumbosacral sprain

Caused by overuse of the ligaments in the lumbar and sacral areas of the back.

Lumbosacral sprain

Postural low back pain

Results from over use of the lumbosacral muscle by maintaining a posture that requires these muscles to work beyond their capabilities.

Postural low back pain

Muscular insufficiency

Occurs when muscles are unable to bear stress imposes on them.

Muscular insufficiency

Herniated disc

Results when the disc that sits between two spinal bones (vertebrae) bulges from between them.

Herniated disc

Degenerated disc

Results when wear and tear on disc slowly destroys its structure.

Degenerated disc

What are the 8 risk factors for back disorders.

``` Heavy physical work. Lifting Bending, stretching and reaching Twisting Pushing and pulling Prolonged sitting and standing Vibrations Accidents ```

What percentage of fire companies are staffed by volunteers

70%

What percentage of firefighter workers are employed by municipal or county fire departments.

90% or 9 out of 10

Some municipalities have combined fire prevention, public fire education, safety, and emergency medical services into a single organization commonly referred to as ________________________.

A public safety organization

Some local and regional fire departments are being consolidated into countywide establishments in order to do these 3 things.

Reduce administrative staff Cut costs Establish consistent training standards and work.

Salary range for fire chief

64,134 - 82,225

Deputy chief salary range

56,522 - 72,152

Assistant fire chief salary range

55,645 - 69,036

Battalion chief salary range

54,935 - 68,673

Fire captain salary range

45,383 - 54,463

Fire lieutenant salary range

41,800 - 49,404

Fire prevention / code inspector salary range

40,387 - 51,531

Engineer salary range

38,656 - 48,678

Median hourly salary for firefighters

17.82

Fire fighter middle 50% hourly earnings.

12.53 - 22.96

Firefighter highest 10% hourly earnings

28.22

Firefighter lowest 10% hourly wages

8.51

What % of the adult population smokes?

25%

How many young people take up smoking each year

One million

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL's) are good or bad cholesterol

Bad

High-density lipoproteins (HDL's) are good or bad cholesterol

Good

There is a ____to____ % increase in risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) for every 10 mg/dl increase in cholesterol

20 to 30%

Firefighter Orientation Flashcards

(126 cards)