First Midterm Flashcards by Kent Melendez

Which of the following are consequences to delaying hearing loss identification?

A.) Communicative

B.) Social

C.) Emotional

D.) Cognitive

E.) All of the above

E - All of the above

Communicative, Social, Emotional, Cognitive, and Academic

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What is the purpose for EHDI (Early Hearing Detection and Intervention)?

To maximize linguistic competence and literacy development for children who are Deaf or hard of hearing

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What is the role of SLP in regards to the EHDI process?

A.) Administration of hearing screening to newborns and toddlers

B.) Identification of infants presenting with risk indicators for late onset hearing loss

C.) Providing Speech-Language Therapy for children showing communication delays as consequence of hearing loss

D.) Providing parent counseling about the importance of hearing screening and follow-up

E.) All of the above

E - All of the above

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True or False: Approximately 3 in 1000 children are born with congenital, significant permanent, bilateral hearing loss.

True

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True or False: Every day about 33 infants are born each day in the United States with permanent hearing loss.

True

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True or False: 2 additional children in 1000 will acquire deafness in early childhood

False - 3 additional children in 1000 will acquire deafness in early childhood

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About how many percent of children are born with permanent hearing loss from two hearing parents?

A.) 80%

B.) 50%

C.) 69%

D.) 92%

E.) 10%

D - 92%

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True or False: Hearing loss affets 12,000 children born in the United States each year, making it the most uncommon birth defect

False - Hearing loss affects 12,000 children born in the United States each year, making it the most common birth defect

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True or False: Infants who spend time in the ICN (Intensive Care Nursery) during the newborn period are at a lower risk for hearing loss.

False - Infants who spend time in the ICN during the newborn period are at a higher risk for hearing loss

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True or False: Since the initiation of hearing screening and EHDI prorams, the average of hearing loss identification has decreased to 2-3 months of age.

True

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Fill in the blank: About 90% of children’s knowledge is attributed to ________ of sounds around them.

incidental reception

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True or False: An estimated 5 million school days are missed every year due to otitis media.

True

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True or False: All children will develop some period of hearing loss related to ear infections from birth to 10 years of age.

False- Nearly all children will develop some period of hearing loss related to ear infections from birth to 10 years of age

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About what percent of children who receive hearing screenings at school fail because they can’t hear within normal limits?

A.) 5-10%

B.) 15-20%

C.) 10-15%

D.) 25-30%

E.) 35-40%

C - 10-15%

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Be able to explain how we hear sound

Outer Ear (acoustic energy)

Middle Ear (mechanical energy)

Inner Ear (electro-chemical energy)
*Basilar Membrane
*Traveling Wave
*Responses of hair cells

Auditory Nerve (electrical energy)

Sound representation in the central auditory system

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Outer Ear consists of these primary parts:

Pinna and Ear Canal
*outer 2/3 cartilaginous & inner 1/3 bone

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Which of the following are roles of the Outer Ear?

A.) Protection of the middle and inner ear structures

B.) Amplifies high frequency sounds (OE resonance)

C.) Helps in determining where a sound is coming from

D.) A, B, and C

E.) None of the above

D - A, B, and C

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The components of the middle ear are:

Ossicles, Oval Window, Eustachian Tube, Tensor Tympani Muscle, and Stapedius Muscle

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The cochlea is divided into three components which are:

Scala Vestibuli, Scala Media, and Scala Tympani

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True or False: The cochlea is snail shaped and has about 2 3/4 turns.

True

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What are the classifications for types of hearing loss?

A.) Conductive

B.) Sensorineural

C.) Mixed Hearing Loss

D.) (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder

E.) All of the above

E - All of the above

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The type of hearing loss that is caused by attenuation of sound as it travels from the outer ear to the cochlea.

Conductive Hearing Loss

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Which of the following are some common causes of conductive hearing disorder?

A.) Atresia

B.) Middle Ear Anomalies

C.) Otitis Media with Effusion

D.) Excessive Cerumen

E.) All of the above

E- All of the above

*look at Table 2.1 on page 9 of book

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This type of hearing loss is caused by a failure in the cochlear transduction of sound from the mechanical vibrations of the middle ear to neural impulses in the eighth cranial nerve

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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True or False: Conductive hearing loss will cause a reduction to sensitivity in *higher frequency* sound.

*True -* "A pathologic condition that affects the physical mass of the outer and middle ear mechanism will **reduce sensitivity to higher-frequency sound**

Which of the following are common causes of *sensory hearing disorder?* ## Footnote A.) Inner ear anomalies B.) Mumps C.) Rubella D.) Cytomegalovirus E.) All of the above

E - All of the above \*look Table 2.2 for full list

True or False: Hearing sensitivity loss is the hallmark of a sensory disorder and ranges from mild to profound.

*True*

Which of the follwing are considered factors that can change the effect of hearing loss? ## Footnote A.) Severity B.) Configuration C.) Duration D.) Stability E.) All of the above

E - All of the above *Severity, Configuration, Duration, Stability, Age of Onset*

Chromosome are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

*strands of genes*

Autosomes = ?? pair

22 \*Sex chromosome 1 pair (23) \*Sums to a total of 46

This is the segment of DNA that controls protein synthesis

*Gene*

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Locus (loci)

Alternative forms of the gene that can occur at a locus

*Allele*

What is inherited \*HINT: You don't see this one\*

* Genotype* * i.e. Hh, TT, etc.*

That which is expressed

*Phenotype*

During *gastrulation,* **three layers** are developed:

*Ectoderm, Mesoderm,* and *Endoderm*

Of the three germ layers this one is dedicated to the *neural tissue, retina, cochlea, olfactory tissue, skin, glands*

*Ectoderm*

This germ layer is dedicated the *connective tissue (cartilage and bone), muscle, kidneys, heart, gonads, spleen*

*Mesoderm*

The germ layers that is dedicated to forming the *epithelial lining of eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, digestive system, respiratory system, liver,* and *pancreas*

*Endoderm*

During this week of development, the primitive nervous system develops

*3rd week*

The _____ is the precursor of axial skeleton

*Notochord \**It has a ectodermal-lined Primitive Groove and Fold \*Then becomes the Neural Groove and Neural Fold \*This is the beginning of the formation of the ear

By the fourth week, the following structures are identified:

*Auditory (otic) placode --\> Auditory Pit --\> Auditory Vesicle*

True or False: There are **four** pharyngeal arches (only focusing on three)

*True:* *Mandibular, Hyoid, Glossopharyngeal,* and *Superior Laryngeal ? (*there is no name for last one)

Each of the pharyngeal arches have *two distinctive* features and they are called:

*pharyngeal groove (ectoderm)* & *pharyngeal pouch (endoderm)*

The Pinna is formed from these two pharyngeal arches:

*Mandibular* & *Hyoid*

The landmarks seen on the Pinna are from these *hill-like* formations

*hillocks* \*landmarks develop by the 5th week

The *first pharyngeal groove* forms the ____ and \_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A.) Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Cavity B.) Malleus and Incus C.) Concha and External Auditory Meatus D.) Tympanic Membrane and Malleus

C - Concha and External Auditory Meatus

The *first pharyngeal pouch* forms into ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

*Eustachian Tube* and *Middle Ear Cavity*

The approximation of the *pharyngeal groove* and *pouch* forms into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

*tympanic membrane*

True or False: The Anterior end of the *Mandibular Arch* ossifies, forming into the *malleus and incus*

*False - **The Posterior*** end of the *Mandibular Arch* ossifies, forming into the *malleus and incus*

The *Hyoid Arch* later forms into the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

*Stapes*

The *muscular components* (**mesoderm**) of the *\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* forms into the _________ muscle.

*mandibular arch; tensor tympani*

The muscular (**mesoderm**) components of the _______ form into the ________ muscle.

*hyoid arch; stapedius*

By the ___ week all of the major structures of the middle ear are present. ## Footnote A.) 4th B.) 7th C.) 11th D.) 9th E.) 8th

D - 9th

By week ____ - _____ of gestation, the ossicles have attained adult dimensions.

21-23

The _____ cells begin to develop near the **end of gestation.**

*mastoid*

The process where air cavities are being formed in the *temporal bone.*

*pneumatization*

During the 3rd week the ______ placodes begins to thicken on either side of the open neural plate.

*auditory* *(otic pit) \*placodes sink into the mesoderm and becomes the otic pits*

The otocyst or auditory vesicle has **three major parts:**

*saccular, utricular, and cochlear*

In ____ weeks, it begins taking the shape of the vestibular portion of the labyrinth and then the longer portion into the saccular area of the cochlea.

*4.5*

By the ____ week, 3 **arch-like** outpockets become the Semi-Circular canals AND the Utricle and Saccule become more divided.

*6th*

By this week the 1st coil is complete, the hair cells have differentiated in utricle and saccule, and the round window niche develops

*7th*

During these weeks the chochlea will have completed 2.5 coils

*8.5 - 11 weeks*

On this week the epithelial has thickened on the floor of the cochlear duct which has differentiated into two cells (**sensory cells & supporting cells**)

*12th*

The sensory end organs first appear \*thickening of epithelium in both utricle and saccule HINT: Lucky Number

*7th week*

Epithelial thickening in ampullated ends of *semicircular canals*

*8th week*

At this point of development the inner ear reaches full adult configuration

*3rd Month*

The outer hair cells are identified in both *basal* and *apical* turns of the cochlea

*16th week \*4 months*

The total number of hair cells are distinguished

*17th week*

The inner hair cells have reached adult configuration

*20th week*

The outer hair cells have reached adult configuration

*22-25 weeks*

Originates from the otic placode and neural crest cells

*4th week*

Nerve fibers begin to contact ventromedial wall of otocyst from vestibular ganglion

*5th week*

Vestibular ganglion forms four nerve trunks which *innervate* the semicircular canals (utricle and saccule)

*7th week*

The *efferent fibers* contact inner hair cells

*11-12th week*

*Efferent nerve fibers* within Tunnel of Corti

*18th week*

Afferent connections from IHCs up to the brainstem are established

*20-30 weeks*

Tectorial Membrane maturation occurs at this time

*30-35 weeks*

First Midterm Flashcards

(78 cards)