first semester exam

Question 1

What is glycolysis

Answer 1

Taking energy from glucose

Question 2

What goes in and out of glycolysis?

Answer 2

glucose+2ATP–>4ATP+2 pyruvic acid

Question 3

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 4

both

Question 5

What goes in and out of the krebs cycle?

Answer 5

kreb’s cycle: breaks down the acid
pyruvic acid–> CO2+ many electrons

Question 6

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

Is the krebs cycle anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 7

aerobic

Question 8

What goes in and out of the electron transport chain?

Answer 8

Electron+ADP–>ATP

Question 9

What is special about the electron transport chain?

Answer 9

where most of the ATP comes from

Question 10

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

Is the electron transport chain anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 11

aerobic

Question 12

Where does the light dependent reaction occur?

Answer 12

thylakoid

Question 13

Where does the calvin cycle take place?

Answer 13

stroma

Question 14

What does the CO2 and H+ create?

Answer 14

sugars

Question 15

What is an active site?

Answer 15

where the substrate binds to the enzyme
shaped like a puzzle piece

Question 16

What are substrates?

Answer 16

reactants of the chemical reaction
connects to the enzyme

Question 17

What is a macromolecule

Answer 17

carbohydrates, lipids (or fats), proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 18

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 18

glucose

Question 19

What is a Disaccharide?

Answer 19

simple sugars

Question 20

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 20

carbohydrates

Question 21

What is the indicator for monosaccharides?

Answer 21

benedicts

Question 22

What is the indicator for polysaccharides?

Answer 22

iodine

Question 23

What is the indicator for proteins?

Answer 23

Biuret

Question 24

What do you call uncondensed DNA?

Answer 24

chromatin

Question 25

What do you call condensed DNA?

Answer 25

chromosomes

Question 26

What are the characteristics of life

Answer 26

1. made of cells 2. reproduce 3. have a genetic code in DNA 4. grow 5. use food for energy (metabolism) 6. respond to their environment 7. homeostasis 8. evolve

Question 27

Identify the main elements that make up living cells.

Answer 27

nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 28

What happens in prophase I

Answer 28

homologous chromosomes coil to form a tetrad crossing over may occur

Question 29

What happens in metaphase I

Answer 29

homologous chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell in pairs

Question 30

What happens in anaphase I

Answer 30

homologous chromosomes separate to the poles CENTROMERES DO NOT SPLIT

Question 31

What happens in telophase I

Answer 31

same as mitosis

Question 32

What happens in prophase II

Answer 32

same as mitosis

Question 33

What happens in metaphase II

Answer 33

same as mitosis

Question 34

What happens in anaphase II

Answer 34

same as mitosis

Question 35

What happens in telophase II

Answer 35

same as mitosis but four new haploid cells are created

Question 36

DNA in prophase

Answer 36

chromatin coils into chromosomes

Question 37

DNA in metaphase

Answer 37

chromosomes

Question 38

DNA in anaphase

Answer 38

sister chromatid no longer chromosomes because they have seperated

Question 39

DNA in telophase

Answer 39

chromosomes decondense into chromatin

Question 40

What happens in the light dependent reaction?

Answer 40

sunlight causes electrons in the chlorophyll to gain energy, and it is used to make ATP. H2O breaks down which replaces lost electrons and releases oxygen into the atmosphere. H+ attaches to NADP which goes to the calvin cycle.

Question 41

What happens in the calvin/light independent cycle

Answer 41

CO2 from the atmosphere combines with H+ to form simple sugars which act as food for plants. The glucose created is also consumed by heterotrophs.

Question 42

What happens in cellular respiration?

Answer 42

-Aerobic -cytoplasm and mitochondria -6O2+C6H12O6--> 6CO2+6H2O+energy -glycolysis, kreb's cycle, electron transport chain

Question 43

What happens in lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 43

-occurs in the muscles -glycolysis -lactic acid fermentation (pyruvic acid-->lactic acid)

Question 44

What happens in alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 44

-yeast -glycolysis -alcoholic fermentation (pyruvic acid-->ethyl alcohol+CO2