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Equine Breeding > First Test > Flashcards

First Test Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What is Reproduction

A

the process of joining genetic material from the male and the female to create offspring

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2
Q

What is ovulation

A

the release of of an egg from the ovaries in response to hormones

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3
Q

fertilization

A

the joining of an egg and sperm to begin the formulation of offspring

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4
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

sperm production

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5
Q

gestation

A

pregnancy

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6
Q

parturition

A

foaling

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7
Q

cryptorchid

A

male with only one descended teste

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8
Q

what does puberty mean for males and females

A

males: the production of sperm
females: beginning to cycle and the ability to maintain a pregnancy

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9
Q

when do horses typically reach puberty

A

12-18 months

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10
Q

what affects the time horses reach maturity

A

nutritional status, body weight and their sex fillies typically mature earlier

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11
Q

What seasonally polyestrous mean

A

means that the horses do not cycle year round but come into heat several times during the season

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12
Q

What are the four goals of the horse breeder

A
  1. have outstanding athletes
  2. remain healthy and sound
  3. optimal conformation and temperament
  4. eliminate the faults of the breed
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13
Q

what are somethings to consider when choosing a breed

A
  • suitability for thr chosen activity
  • market strength
  • availability of breeding stock
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14
Q

what are the four general rules of breeding

A
  1. avoid defects/ diseases
    2, avoid conformation faults
  2. use logic not emotion
  3. evaluate the animals objectively
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15
Q

when visualizing perfection what do you consider

A

pedigree, conformation, temperament, athleticism

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16
Q

how to read a pedigree

A

sire on top mare on bottom

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17
Q

what is conformation

A

how the horse is put together

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18
Q

what does conformation affect

A

locomotion, athleticism soundness

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19
Q

how do we evaluate conformation

A

by seeing if it is pleasing to the eye

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20
Q

proportions of the hips

A

withers and hips level

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21
Q

feet:

A

well shaped and wide through the heels

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22
Q

pastern angle

A

50 degrees

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23
Q

proportions of front legs

A

straight when viewed from front

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24
Q

proportions of hind legs

A

straight from the back and from the side back of the hock are perpendicular to the ground

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25
how do you evaluate conformation
by watching the horse move paying attention to their tracking and balance along with coordination
26
how does temperament affect the choice of breeding stock
nasty horses make nasty foals
27
how do you evaluate athleticism
their race earning throughout their lifetime
28
What is the sperm path
testes- epididymis- ductus deferens/ pelvic urethra - acessory sex gland secretions- penile urethra- ejaculation
29
why are the testes important
they are the factory for sperm production situated horizontally within the scrotum
30
testes
produce sperm and testosterone
31
Where is sperm located
located in the seminiferous tubules
32
Where is testosterone produced
produced in leydig cells
33
what influences sperm production numbers
age time of year testicular size and frequency of ejaculation
34
why do we care that sperm production takes 6 weeks
because if there is damage to them it can affect your breeding book
35
what is another name for sertoli cells
nurse cells
36
what are the five reasons nurse cells protect spermatogenesis
``` 1 provide structural support 2 provide nutritional support 3 assist in the movement of sperm cells 4 clean up testicular parychema 5 create a blood testis barrier ```
37
what makes stallions scary
because of the leydig cells that produce testosterone
38
what are the functions of testosterone
- supports spermatogenesis - secondary sex characteristic - sex drive and libido
39
what are the main functions of the scrotum
- protect and support the testes as well as the associated ductworks
40
how does the scrotum achieve thermoregulation
- thin skin with multiple sweat glands - tunica dartos muscles relax and contract - pampiniforum plexus cools the blood going to the testes in the testicular artery
41
anatomy of the pampiniforum plexus
branches testicular vein wraps around the coiled testicular artery in the neck of the scrotum
42
function of the pampiniform plexus
cools the hot arterial blood with the cooler venous blood
43
seminiferous tubules
where the sperm are born
44
epididymis
where the sperm hangs out
45
what are the three parts of the epidiymis
the head the tail the body
46
the head
at the cranial pole
47
the body
dorsolateral surface
48
the tail
at the caudal pole
49
where are fertile sperm found
in the tail end of the epidiymis
50
what is the ductus deferens
is a tube connecting the tail of the epidiymis to the urethra for ejaculation
51
what are the six components of the spermatic chord
- testicular artery - testicular veins - testicular nerves - lymphatic vessels - one ductus deferens - the cremaster muscle
52
the duct work where the accessory glands dump in
ductus deferens- pelvic urethra - accessory sex glands
53
semen is made up of what
sperm + acessory sex glands
54
accessory sex gland secretion is added to the semen to provide what
- a vehicle for sperm transportation - nutritional support for sperm - volume for dilution of sperm waste
55
what four types of accessory sex glands do stallions have
- 2 ampullae - 2 vesticular glands - 2 bulbourethra glands - 1 prostate gland
56
what kind of penis does a stallion have
musculocavernous meaning it fills with blood
57
what is husbandry
the application of scientific principals to agriculture specifically animal breeding
58
how are breeding stock horses different than regular horses
mares have higher nutritional requirements vaccination and deworming schedueles
59
basic nutrition
lots of fresh water and 1.5-2% body weight a day and 50% of diet is forage
60
BCS for stallion
5 is ideal for all
61
BCS fro broodmare
5 but keep in mind that she will drop weight while lactating
62
why is feeding a broodmare hard
their requirements increase 20-30% in the last 3 months of pregnancy
63
when does quality become much more important than quantity and why
8-11 months because they are finishing the greater parts of growing the fetus and it is taking on a more strenuous toll
64
when are feeding requirements for lactating mares increased
when they first start to produce it because she has to produce the milk and that takes a toll on her body
65
what are the basics for all horses
food shelter friends and food and safe fencing
66
stallion housing
it depends but keep separate from mares
67
broodmare housing
move her into foaling stall 1-2 weeks early meet the basic needs avoid mixing up established broodmare groups
68
foaling stall specifications
16 by 16 minimum 24 is preferred | straw bedding quiet and disinfected
69
what is the formula for BCS
temperament+ Nutrition + exercise
70
how long can you ride a pregnant broodmare
up to 7 months if she was in work before bred
71
benefits of exercise for pregnant mare
helps circulation and lymph flow | helps with BCS and can improve morale
72
four main vaccines aka core 4
EEE/WEE, Tetanus, west nile rabies
73
Risk Based vaccines
``` anthrax Botualism EHV PHV EVA Influenza Rotavirus Strangles ```
74
suggested vaccines for studs
EEE/WEE west nile rabies tetanus EHV and Influenza
75
What is the EVA Vaccine
STD vaccine in studs
76
what is the EVA Specifications for studs
2 NEGATIVE EVA titers 3 weeks before vaccination
77
broodmare vaccinations
need the core 4 +/- botualism flu PHF and strangles
78
what dewormer are we cautious about using on broodmares
quest plus
79
what do we do to mom to protect the baby
vaccinate 4-6 weeks before foaling | deworm 4-6 weeks before foaling and move mom 2 weeks before

Equine Breeding (3 decks)

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