Test 2 Flashcards by Lena Obernesser

what is day 0

Ovulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is ovulation

release of an egg from an ovary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when does ovulation occur

24 hours before the end of estrus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what happens in days 3-5

the CH (Corpus Hemmoragicum) turns to a CL (Corpus Luteum)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what happens in day 14-16

diestrus occurs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is diestrus

when the mare is not able to be impregnated aka the progesterone is high and estrogen is low

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 5 types of cells

1. primordial 
2 primary
3 secondary
4 tertiary 
5 dominant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the hormones

estrogen E2 
progesterone P4 
gonadotropin releasing hormone GNRH 
leutenizing hormone LH 
follical stimulatin hormone FSH 
Prostoglandin F2a  PGF2a

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is estrogen

it is produced by a dominant follical

its responsible for estrus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does estrus do

it opens the cervix and makes the mare receptive to be bred

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the three follicular changes was ovulation approches

the uterus changes shape
it develops a luteal ring
the follicular fluid gets cloudy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the purpose of the cervix

its the natural barrier that protects from bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does an inncrease in progesterone cause

diestrus - no breeding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how does the cervix change during the estrus cycle

when its open shes in estrus

when its closed shes in diestrus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what hormones cause the cervix to change

estrogen opens it

progesterone closes it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do you use to examine the mare?

a speculum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

signs to breed your mare

showing signs of estrus
has a large follicle on her ovary that is starting to show signs of ovulating
her cervix is open

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pros of AI

genetic variation
controlled breeding date
its safer
the stud can cover more mares

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cons of AI

expensive
labor intensive
reduced fertility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a breedable dose of semen?

1 billion sperm and 250-500 MILLION PROGRESSIVELY MOTILE SPERM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how do you calculate a breedable dose

PMMN’s volume*Concentration * progressively motile * morphological normal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a mornal breeding dose

10-50 ml
1-1 extended fro on farm insemination
3-1 for cooled and shipped semen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what equipment is needed for AI

Sterile gloved 
non spermacidal lube 
pipette 
semen 
mare handler ect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is differeent in AI and live cover

AI you go through the uterus to the cervix stud wont go in the uterus
live cover

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is progesterone

P4 Produced by the CL no hormone diestrus and it maintains pregnancy

what is FSH

produced by pituitary gland | responsible for follicular growth and development

what do follicles do

grow and develop through the estrus cycle until ovulation

when does the luteal phase start

at ovulation and ends at PGF2a which leads to leutialisis

when is the follicular phase

before and after ovulation

what is leutialisis - luteal licing

the destruction of the CL which occurs at the end of the luteal ohase

what does the follicular phase consist of

the growth and development of follicles | there is an increase of estrogen

what does the luteal phase consist of

increase in progesterone from the CL

what is the lutenizing hormone

its produced by the anterior pituitary gland and it is responsible for ovulation

what is PGF2a

produced by the non pregnant uterus | responsible for lysis of the CL and the return for estrus

what is anestrus

complete abscence of estrus

what are mares

seasonally polyestrus

how long does the cycle last

21 days on average

what are the Gonadotropins

FSH LH

what is produced if pregnancy isn't detected by day 14 t

PGF2a to create the lycing of the CL | causes a contraction of smooth muscle

what are the options for breeding

pasture, hand and AI

who do you need for a stallion collection

handler for both horses washer bucket holder and an av tech and spotter

three most important characteristics for an av

temperature pressure and lube

diffrence between missouri and the colorado av

missouri is lighter and easy to manuver but it looses temp | colorady is heavy and bulky

semen evaluation

ejaculate volume gel free volume concentration progressive motility

normal levels

``` ejaculate volume 70 ml gel free vol 30-60 ml sperm concentration 100-400 X 10 ^6ml total sperm 7-10 billion motility greater than 60% Morphology greater than 60% normal ```

four major things about semen handling

``` 1. avoid temp fluctuations 2 avoid uv exposure 3 evaluate it quickly 4 extend it quickly ```

what is the gross appearance of semen

watery opaque and near white

what does the gel fraction do

acts as a block and will attempt to seal the cervix acts as a spermacide

why do we care about the gel volume

tells you how many breedable doses you can get from one collection

what is the normal sperm concentration

100-400 X 10^6 ml

what is the total sperm number

the determination of total sperm number (Semen volume * concentration )

what is gross motility

alive and moving but but not doing anything theyre usually circling

progressive motility

the sperm that get your horse pregnant they ones with a mission

head of sperm

contains nucleus and acromosone

acromosome

contains enzymes required for fertilization

nucleus

the dna

neck

connects head and tail

midpiece

produces tail movement

principal piece

moves for propulsion

abnormalities

if you have a sample under 70% don use it

PMMN's

Progressively motile, Morphological Normal Sperm VOLUME X CONCENTRATION X PROPORTION MOTILE X PROPORTION MORPHOLOGICAL NORMAL

what is teasing

exposing a mare to a stud to see if she is in estrus

teasing methods

``` stallion in a box tease chute pasture teasing in pen teasing stall side teasing ```

signs of estrus

``` standing heat winking squatting vocalizing interested in stud showing the vulva lifting tail ```

signs of diestrus

pinned ears clamped tail refusal to approach stud striking out

0 score

rejection of resense

1 score

not agressive but nit interested in stud

2 score

shows interest but its slow

3 score

more interest might show signs of estus winking and urination

4 score

intense interest standing heat continued winking and urination

dominant follicle

high estrogen low progesterone

What is the breedable on farm dose

500 million

What is the breedable shipping dose

1000 million or one billion they’re the same

How do you figure out how many mares you can breed from a single dose

Take your total PMS what is volume concentration and percentage multiplied together then you take that number and you divide it by the breedable dose

On farm breeding ratio

1:1

Off farm ratio

3:1

What is the minimum amount of semen and extender for on farm

10ml

What is the minimum shipping dosage

40ml

Test 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)