Firsts Etc Flashcards
1
Q
First vinegrowing region in Bordeaux?
A
Graves
2
Q
First tasting panel AOC?
A
Saint Julien
3
Q
First lab analysis AOC?
A
Entre Deux Mers
4
Q
Chx with exemptions for inter appellation blending?
A
Lafite (St Est)
Conseillante (St Em)
Pichon Comtesse (Haut Med)
Ducru Beaucaillou (Haut Med)
5
Q
Latour announced pull out of EP in what year?
A
2012
6
Q
First white grape to be harvested?
A
Sauv Blanc
7
Q
Last white grape to be harvested?
A
Muscadelle
8
Q
Harvest order for white grapes?
A
- Sauv Blanc
- Semillon
- Muscadelle
9
Q
Most widely planted white grape?
A
Semillon (48%)
10
Q
Most Colombard in Bdx found in which two sub regions?
A
Bourg
Blaye
11
Q
Most Merlot Blanc found in which three sub regions?
A
Bourg
Blaye
Fronsac
12
Q
Ugni Blanc found in which part of Bordeaux?
A
Entre Deux Mers and AOCs within it
13
Q
Ugni Blanc synonyms (3)
A
Trebbiano
St Emilion Des Charentes
Muscadet Aigre
14
Q
Semillon - two clones
A
Gros Semillon
Petit Semillon
15
Q
Semillon colour comes from…?
A
The must’s propensity to oxidise (not from pigmentation)
16
Q
Sauvignon Gris - what colour skin?
A
Pink
17
Q
Mauzac Blanc more famous in which Languedoc AOC?
A
Blanquette de Limoux
18
Q
Mauzac Blanc related to Mauzac Noir?
A
No
19
Q
Merlot Blanc parents?
A
Merlot X Folle Blanche
20
Q
Merlot X Folle Blanche = ?
A
Merlot Blanc
21
Q
Folle Blanche synonym in Loire Valley?
A
Gros Plant
22
Q
Folle Blanche synonym in Armagnac?
A
Picpoul
23
Q
Folle Blanche allowed in which AOC?
A
Cotes de Blaye
24
Q
Chenin Blanc synonyms (2)
A
Pineau de la Loire
Pineau d’Anjou
25
Chenin Blanc allowed in which AOC?
Cotes de Blaye
26
Chenin Blanc allowed in Cotes de Blaye until when?
2025
27
Most planted red grape
Merlot (66%)
28
Second most planted red grape
Cabernet Sauvignon (22.5%)
29
Third most planted red grape
Cab Franc (9.5%)
30
Merlot parents?
Magdeleine Noire des Charentes X Cabernet Franc
31
Merlot ban when?
1970-1975
32
1970-1975: only legal to plant which grape?
Cabernet Sauvignon
33
Merlot bigger part of blend in Saint Emilion or Pomerol?
Pomerol (80%)
Around 60% in Saint Em
34
Cabernet Sauvignon synonyms (3)
Petit Cabernet
Vidure
Petit Vidure
35
Cabernet Franc synonyms? (4)
Voucher
Gros Voucher
Grosse Vidure
Carmenet
36
Malbec synonyms (2)
Côt
| Noir de Pressac
37
Malbec mostly found in which 3 sub regions?
Bourg
Blaye
Entre Deux Mers
38
Petit Verdot synonym (1)
Lambrusquet
39
First red grape to harvest?
Malbec
40
Last red grape to harvest?
Petit Verdot
41
Harvest order for red grapes (6)
1. Malbec
2. Merlot
3. Carmenere
4. Cabernet Franc
5. Cabernet Sauvignon
6. Petit Verdot
42
Carmenere parents
Cabernet Franc X Gros Cabernet
43
Grapes ripen how many days after flowering?
110 days
44
2nd epoch of ripening is how many days after Chasselas?
12-15
45
Which two red grapes ripen in 3rd epoch?
Cabernet Sauvignon
| Petit Verdot
46
Is it legal to irrigate in Bordeaux?
No
47
Irrigation is illegal in Bordeaux. T/F?
True
48
Notable biodynamic chateaux (5)
```
Latour
Palmer
Pontet Canet
Fonroque
Climens
```
49
% of Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux farmed organically or biodynamically?
25%
50
% of Bordeaux producers "sustainable" farming?
45%
51
What is PIWI?
Fungus resistant grapes e.g. Cal 6-04, Cabernet Jura
52
Cal 6-04 and Cabernet Jura are examples of what?
PIWIs
53
Stèphane Derenoncourt clients
```
Talbot
Smith Haut Lafitte
Prieuré-Lichine
La Gaffelière
Pavie Macquin
Fonplégade
La Tour Figeac
```
54
Chateau Latour consultant? (Also founder of Biodynamie Services)
Vincent Masson
55
Clos Puy Arnaud winemaker/consultant?
Anne Calderoni
56
Claude and Lydia Bourguignon consultant for which 2 right bank chx?
Ausone
| Le Puy
57
Most recent ice age took place when?
From 2 million years ago to 10,000 years ago
58
Spanish name for Garonne river
Rio Garona
59
Oldest Médoc gravel type?
Günz
| Big günz
60
List 4 Médoc gravel types
Günz
Mindel
Riss
Würm
61
Most important tributaries of Garonne (3)
Lot
Tarn
Dordogne
62
Highest point in Bordeaux?
Sainte Foy
| 115m
63
Two chx with their own drainage systems
Latour
| Yquem
64
2 similarities of all great Bordeaux terroir
1. Infertile soil
| 2. Soil regulate water supply
65
Soils at Haut-Brion
```
9m of Günz gravel
atop
pre-Ice Age gravels
atop
Starfish limestone
```
66
Soils at Lafite and Mouton
```
9m of Günz gravel
Atop
Sandy-marl rich in fossil
Atop
St Estephe limestone
```
67
Soils at Ch Margaux
Pockets of thick gravel but mostly THIN gravel
Atop
Freshwater limestone (Lacustre de Plaisac) and blue Gray Fronsadais marl
Locally referred to as "la terre Blanche"
NB is not gravel mound typical of other first growths
68
Soils at Latour
9m of Günz gravel
Atop sandy oyster shell marl
Atop at estephe limestone
69
Dividing line between Médoc and Graves?
Jalle de Blanquefort
70
Ironstone soil type in Bourg and Blaye
Sidérolithique
71
What is sidérolithique?
Ironstone soil found in Bourg and Blaye - tannic, well structured red wines
72
What separates Fronsac/Canon Fronsac from Pomerol, Lalande de Pomerol and St Emilion?
Isle river
73
What is Cotes de Canon?
Hilly topography found in Canon Fronsac
74
Gravel terraces uniquely found in which RB appellation?
Pomerol
75
Ausone soils
Starfish limestone plateau
76
Cheval Blanc soils
Iron rich gravel (Pomerol like)
77
Pavie soils
Limestone and sandy clay
78
Angélus soils
Clay dominant limestone and sandy clay limestone
79
What is a butte
Flat topped hill with steep escarpments or slopes
80
Francs soil type
Périgord sands
81
Castillon soil type
Lacustrine (freshwater) limestone plateau
82
What is loess?
Composite of fine wind blown sands and silts
83
Topography of Entre Deux Mers
Weathered starfish limestone plateau buried beneath 33m of sand, silt, clay, gravels and loess
84
Warm soils (2)
Gravel
| Sand
85
Cold soils (2)
Clay
| Limestone
86
Merlot best on which (cold) soil type
Clay
87
Cabernet Franc best on which (cold) soil type
Limestone
88
Malbec best on which (cold) soil type
Limestone
89
Iron elements in soil give telltale notes of which 2 descriptors?
Prune
| Black walnut
90
Prune and black walnut indicate presence of which soil type
Iron elements
91
What is débourbage?
Juice settling
92
French word for juice settling after pressing?
Débourbage
93
Hand harvest is mandatory for Crémant. T/F?
True
94
All crémant is dry. T/F?
True
95
Three styles of Crémant?
Blanc de Blancs
Blanc de Noirs
Rosé
96
Minimum aging for Crémant?
9 months
97
Minimum pressure for Crémant?
3.5 atms
98
Typical fermentation temperature for white Bordeaux?
18-20°
99
Typical max skin contact for Bordeaux rosé?
10-12 hours
100
Typical skin contact for Clairet?
24-36 hours (as much as 48 hours)
101
8 member appellations of Sweet Bordeaux?
1. Sauternes
2. Barsac
3. Cérons
4. Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
5. Cadillac
6. Loupiac
7. Sainte Croix du Mont
8. Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire
102
Muscadelle typical in sweet Bordeaux?
No - Semillon/SB blends
103
Botrytized grapes have __ times the normal number of aromatic precursors
10 times
104
How long can harvest of Sauternes etc take?
4-8 weeks
| 6 or more tries
105
Typical harvest dates for sweet appellations
Mid September til November
106
Desired ratio of alcohol to sugar in Sauternes etc?
14: 4
15: 5
107
How is fermentation arrested in Sauternes?
Sulfur addition
108
Oak ageing for Sauternes etc
12-24 months
109
Yeast discovered by whom in 1863?
Louis Pasteur
110
Louis Pasteur discovered what in 1863?
Yeast
111
What is an égrappoir?
Destemming machine
112
French name for a destemming machine?
Égrappoir
113
Chaptalisation is legal in Bordeaux. T/F?
True
114
What is cuvaison?
Maceration period on tank after primary fermentation
115
French word for maceration in tank after primary fermentation?
Cuvaison
116
Average Grand Vin ageing time?
18-24 months
117
Three fining agents
Egg whites
Bentonite (clay)
Gelatin
118
Two ways to remove water/concentrate red wines
Reverse Osmosis
| Entropy Evaporation
119
When is chaptalisation forbidden?
When concentration has taken place (e.g. via reverse osmosis or entropy Evaporation)
120
Two methods for removing/reducing alcohol?
Spinning Cone Columns
| Cross Flow filtration
121
Regional IGP for Bordeaux
IGP Atlantique
122
IGP Atlantique covers which departments?
```
Charentes
Charentes Maritime
Gironde
Dordogne
Western part of Lot et Garonne
```
123
What % of overall production is regional Bordeaux AOCs?
48%
124
What % of overall production is RED regional Bordeaux AOC?
43%
125
Bordeaux Blanc AOC allows max 30% of which (3) grape varieties?
Colombard
Merlot Blanc
Ugni Blanc
126
There is no dry white Bordeaux Sup. T/F?
True
127
White Bordeaux Superieur conditions?
Semi sweet / moeulleux
| 6-18 months ageing
128
Red Bordeaux Sup min ageing?
9 months
129
Which regional Bordeaux AOC has the lowest permitted yield? (49 HL/ha)
Bordeaux Superieur white
130
Which regional Bordeaux AOC has the lowest minimum ABC? (9%)
Crémant
131
Max yield for red Bordeaux AOC?
60 HL/ha
132
Bordeaux rosé can include what % of white grapes in blend?
20%
133
Three named AOCs within Entre Deux Mers permitted to make red wine? (Excluding regional Bordeaux)
Graves de Vayres
Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
134
Which year did AOC Cotes de Bordeaux debut?
2008
135
Cotes de Bordeaux AOC can incorporate fruit from which (5) growing areas?
1. Cotes de Blaye
2. Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
3. Cotes de Castillon
4. Bordeaux Cotes des Francs
5. Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
136
Name the 5 sub regional designations for Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?
1. Blaye-Cotes de Bordeaux
2. Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
3. Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux
4. Francs Cotes de Bordeaux
5. Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
137
Max yield for Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?
55 HL/ha
138
Max yield for red Cotes de Bordeaux with named designation?
52 HL/ha
139
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOC characteristics
Semi-sweet/moeulleux white
Sémillon dominant
Min abv 11.5%
Min RS 34g/l
140
Which 5 appellations are used for red wine made in Entre Deux Mers?
```
Bordeaux
Bordeaux Sup
Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
Graves de Vayres
```
141
Red wines bottled as Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux are from which part of Premières Cotes de Bordeaux? North or South?
North
Merlot the dominant variety
Pockets of gravel so cabernet Sauvignon too
142
Premières Cotes de Bordeaux AOC makes what style of white wine?
Semi sweet aka mouelleux
143
Sweet or liqoureux wines from the Premières Côtes de Bordeaux must use which appellation?
Cadillac AOC
Dry whites = Bordeaux AOC
Red = Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
Semi sweet whites = Premières Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
144
Which Cotes of Bordeaux has a reputation for clairets and rosés? (NB from the generic regional AOCs)
Premières Cotes de Bordeaux/Cadillac
145
Cadillac AOC delineated as independent growing area in 1973 and received AOC status in __
1980
146
Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire is an extension of which other area?
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
147
Blaye is located __km downriver from Bordeaux city?
50km
148
Blaye was rebuilt as a citadel in the ___ century
17th
149
Rationale for Blaye growing Ugni Blanc?
Supplying Cognac prior to official delineation of Cognac AOC in 1909
150
What is Fine de Bordeaux?
Grape brandy made in Blaye
70% Ugni Blanc and Colombard
Balance: Merlot, Mauzac and Ondenc
151
Fine de Bordeaux distilled in what still?
Pot still (double distilled)
152
Fine de Bordeaux - max ABV
40%
153
Cotes de Bourg based around what town?
Bourg-sur-Gironde
154
Which subregion is known as "little Switzerland" or "Switzerland on Gironde"?
Bourg
155
Battle of Castillon took place in what year?
1453
156
Hilltops in Castillon reach what elevation?
91m
157
Which is the warmest and driest sub region of Bordeaux?
Francs Cotes de Bordeaux
158
Which is the easternmost appellation of Bordeaux?
Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
159
The Médoc runs from ___ to the Pointe de Grave
Jalle de Blanquefort
160
The Médoc runs from the Jalle de Blanquefort to ___
Pointe de Grave
161
What is the northernmost AOC in Bordeaux?
Médoc AOC
162
Most vineyards in Médoc AOC are planted to what grape variety?
Merlot
163
How many GCCs in Haut Médoc AOC?
```
5
Cantemerle
La Lagune
La Tour Carnet
Camensac
Belgrave
```
164
Gravel mounds in Saint Estephe are relatively HIGHER or LOWER than the other Médoc communes?
Higher
165
Drainage is slow in Saint Estephe. True or false?
True
166
Which AOC sits halfway between Bordeaux city and the Atlantic Ocean?
Pauillac
167
What is the dividing line between the northern and southern gravel mounds in Pauillac?
Pibran marsh
168
What dividing line separates Pauillac from Saint Estephe?
Jalle de Breuil
169
What dividing line separates Pauillac from Saint Julien?
Julliac stream
170
How many GCCs in Saint Estephe?
```
5
Montrose
Cos d'Estournel
Cos Labory
Lafon Rochet
Calon Segur
```
171
How many GCCs in Pauillac?
17
172
Which Médoc AOC is considered most new world in style?
Saint Julien
173
How many gravel mounds in Listrac Médoc?
3
Listrac
Fontréaud
Fourcas
174
Name the 3 gravel mounds in Listrac Médoc
Listrav
Fontréaud
Fourcas
175
Which AOC contains the highest point in the Médoc?
Listrac
| Limestone plateau
176
Which Médoc AOC has the thinnest layer of Günz gravels as its topsoil?
Margaux
177
Pessac Léognan became an AOC in what year?
1987
178
Breakdown of red and white production in Graves?
75% red
| 25% white
179
How many estates have been classified for red and or white wines in Pessac Léognan?
16
180
Name the 5 communes of Sauternes AOC
```
Sauternes
Fargues
Bommes
Preignac
Barsac
```
181
Approximate Semillon/SB planting breakdown in Sauternes
2/3 Semillon
1/3 Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle fallen out of favour
182
Barsac limestone used for 2 examples
Grand Théatre de Bordeaux
| Sidewalks in Martinique
183
In the 1900s there were how many Cooper's in Barsac?
300
184
Name the plateau in Barsac
Haut Barsac
185
Can Cérons AOC produce dry white?
No, fully sweet white only
186
Libourne named after whom?
Roger de Leyburn, English settler
187
The Cotes are considered part of the Libournais. True or false?
False
188
1973 effort to incorporate Sables-Saint Emilion into the Saint Emilion AOC - was it successful or unsuccessful?
Unsuccessful
189
Northern border of Saint Emilion AOC is what?
Barbanne stream
190
The hills of which sub region form Saint Emilion's eastern border?
Castillon
191
Ausonius was thought to have lived in which Saint Emilion satellite?
Montagne
192
Name the now defunct AOC whose vines were incorporated into Montagne Saint Emilion in 1973
Parsac Saint Emilion
193
Saint Georges Saint Emilion is separated from Saint Emilion by what?
Barbanne stream
194
Which Saint Emilion satellite is most homogenous in soil and aspect?
St Georges
195
50% of Saint Georges Saint Emilion production goes to which 3 countries?
Belgium
Switzerland
UK
196
The Hospitaliers of St John of Jerusalem are associated with which modern day AOC?
Pomerol
197
Hospitaliers of St John of Jerusalem more commonly called?
Knights of Malta
198
Pomerol wasn't considered a fine wine appellation until when?
Early 1900s
199
Name the iron rich hardpan found in Pomerol
Crasse de Fer
200
What separates Pomerol and Lalande de Pomerol?
Barbanne stream
201
Which Saint Emilion satellite forms Lalande de Pomerol's eastern border?
Montagne
202
Name the 2 communes of Lalande de Pomerol
Lalande de Pomerol
| Néac
203
Néac AOC is defunct. True or false?
False. It has fallen out of use but not disallowed.
204
Lalande de Pomerol was once a part of Pomerol AOC. True or false?
True
| NB Néac commune was its own AOC
205
How many communes in Fronsac?
| Of those, how many in Canon-Fronsac?
18
| 6
206
Name the sandy clay soil associated with Fronsac
Fronsadais molasse
207
Stylistic production shift in Entre Deux Mers took place in what year?
1953
Directive to make dry white wine, max 4g/l
Mandatory lab analysis (1st in Bordeaux) and tasting panel
208
Which is considered the best of the Entre Deux Mers sweet appellations?
Saint Croix du Mont
| Due to concentration of gravel
209
How many changes to 1855?
3
1. Cantemerle added
2. Part of Romer sold before WWII, renamed Romer-du-Hayot, maintained its ranking
3. Mouton in 1973
210
In what year was Mouton elevated to 1st growth?
1973
211
Temperature controlled fermentation arrived in what decade?
1970s
212
Who is behind Chateau La Gomerie?
Gérard and Dominique Bécot of Beau-Séjour Bécot
213
11 named Super Seconds in textbook?
```
Cos d'Estournel
Ducru Beaucaillou
Léoville Las Cases
Léoville Poyferré
Lynch Bages
Montrose
Palmer
Pichon Comtesse
Pichon Baron
Pontet Canet
Rauzan Ségla
```
214
Montrose got 100RP in what 3 vintages?
1990, 2009, 2010
215
Pétrus for RP100 in which 5 vintages?
1989, 1990, 2000, 2009, 2010
216
Second wines produced by first growths since...?
The 1700s
217
Petit Mouton debuted in what year?
1993
218
How many chx in first Cru Bourgeois classification (1932)?
444
219
EU recognised Cru Artisan term in what year?
1994
220
A 2006 inter ministerial decree limited use of Cru Artisan term to how many chateaux?
44
221
How often is Cru Artisan classification reviewed?
Every 5 years
222
In what year was the Graves classification completed?
1959
| Drawn up in 1953
223
Latour Haut Brion was incorporated into which chateau?
La Mission Haut Brion
224
Part of Ch Couhins was sold and renamed what?
Ch Couhins Lurton
225
First Saint Emilion classification took place in which year?
1955
226
Which Saint Emilion classification was nullified? On what grounds?
2006
Tasting protocol was considered flawed - judges tasted GCCs along with would be GCCs, it was thought they could not remain impartial in such conditions
227
With 2012 ranking, how many Premiers Grands Crus Classés (As and Bs) in Saint Emilion?
4 As
| 14 Bs
228
How many "Grand Cru Classé" estates in Saint Emilion (excluding Premiers) from 2012 classification?
64
229
Conditions for Grand Cru Classé in Saint Emilion?
Chateau must have made AOC SE Grand Cru for 7 of past 10 harvests
Vines at least 12 years old
Cannot modify (buy or sell land) for duration of their classification
230
Which humourously named French writer coined the term garagiste?
Nicolas Baby
231
Thunevin made L'interdit de V...D in what year? Why?
2002
| INAO forbid him from using AOC because he used plastic sheeting before harvest rains
232
Thunevin and Andraud's Margaux property?
Marojallia
233
La Mondotte: Vin de garage or super cuvee?
Super cuvee
| According to Von Niepperg
234
Distinguish between
Sainte Foy
St Macaire
St Croix du Mont
Sainte Foy Côtes de Bordeaux - part of CdB. Easternmost AOC of Bdx. SE part of E2M. Makes red, dry, semi sweet and sweet white.
Cotes de Bordeaux st Macaire - not part of CdB.
Southwest part of E2M. No red wine. Dry, semi sweet and sweet whites. Extension of Premières Cotes.
St Croix du Mont. Sweet wine only, right bank of Garonne in E2M. Most prestigious on this side.
235
Two historical oyster bivalves from Arcahon?
Gravette (plate or crassotrea edulis)
| Portugaise (crassotrea angulata)
236
Name of Portuguese ship that dumped Portugaise oysters in Gironde in 1868?
The Morlaisien
237
Portugaise oyster population decimated in the 1970s by what?
Oyster hill disease
238
Gravette/plate susceptible to a disease that kills them in their ____ year
Third
239
Successful oyster introduced from Japan in 1966?
Pacific oyster (crass ostrea gigas)
240
Spicy sausages with oysters
Crépinettes
241
What is a crépinette?
Spicy sausage served with oyster
242
Name the dish of oysters with crépinette sausages
Huitres à la Bordelaise
243
What is shad in French?
Alose
244
What is sturgeon in French?
Esturgeon
245
Shad has how many bones?
3,000
246
Name the large black eels that migrate up the Gironde estuary Feb-May
Lamprey
247
Food prep A la Bordelaise usually has three meanings, what are they?
1. Sauce with chopped parsley, shallots or garlic
2. Sauce red wine, bone marrow, shallots
3. Sauce red wine, shallots, cèpes
248
White wine sauce name
Bonnefoy
249
Where does Bordeaux get its truffles?
Dordogne Valley, around Périgord
250
Best vine for cooking on sarments?
Cabernet Sauvignon
| Woody and delivers high heat
251
What are pré salés?
Salt marshes
252
What are sweet breads in French?
Riz de veau
253
What are veal kidneys in French?
Rognons de veau
254
Macarons recipe
Almond flour
Egg whites
Sugar
