Fish

Question 1

What makes up the biggest proprtion of vertebrates?

Answer 1

Fish (34,000 species)

Question 2

What should the pH of freshwater fish be?

Answer 2

6.5-8.5

Question 3

What should the pH of marine fish be?

Answer 3

8.1-8.4

Question 4

What should the temperature of coldwater fish be?

Answer 4

Range

Question 5

What should the temperature of tropical fish be?

Answer 5

24-27

Question 6

What are the two main types of pet fish?

Answer 6

Coldwater and Tropical

Question 7

What is the biggest farmed fish in the UK?

Answer 7

Salmon

Question 8

What is the legal requirement for every aquaculture business?

e.g fish farms

Answer 8

Must have a named vet attached to them

Question 9

What are the main fish restocked?

Answer 9

course fish and carp

Question 10

What should the pH of a tropical freshwater fish?

Answer 10

very variable, if this is not met then they will not thrive

Question 11

What should the salinity of marine fish and invertebrates be?

Answer 11

Salinity 35ppt but should be marine salt

Question 12

Why can fish cope with different temperatures?

Answer 12

range of isoenzymes, especially coldwater
tropical fish cannot thrive as well

Question 13

Where does ammonia in a tank come from?

Answer 13

Produced and released through the gills
* can only be released provided there is less amonnium in the water- down the diffusion gradient

producedvia metabolism of fish

Question 14

What is the secondary product of ammonium breakdown?

Answer 14

Nitrate
-free ammonia is the most toxic
ionised ammonia is less toxic

ammonia is oxidies into nitrite by bacteria then into nitrate

Question 15

What should the alkalinity of a coldwater fish be?

Answer 15

100mg per litre

Question 16

What is the effect of lights in the aquarium?

Answer 16

causes evaporation, water becomes saltier

Question 17

What is the most critical factor for marine animals?

Answer 17

Dissolved oxygen

Question 18

What does an increase in temperature do to the dissolved oxygen?

Answer 18

reduces oxygen solubility

Question 19

What is the first indication of low oxygen?

Answer 19

lethargy and inappetence

Question 20

What part of the fish can they use to gain oxygen?

Answer 20

The swim bladder

Question 21

What may it mean if fish are dead first thing in the morning?

Answer 21

too much algae in the tank

Question 22

What can nitrite cause?

Answer 22

Brown blood disease

Question 23

What is the main function of biological filtration?

Answer 23

• exploit the nitrogen cycle
• removal harmful particles

Question 24

What do fisheries use as their primary filtration system?

Answer 24

Aquatic plants

Question 25

How much of their body weight do juvenile fish require?

Answer 25

5% of their body weight

Question 26

What percentage of their body weight do adult fish require?

Answer 26

2%

Question 27

When should you not be feeding your fish?

Answer 27

• Usually when you are away
• there are particles in the aquarium they can feed on

Question 28

What is the effect of increasing temperature on oxygen?

Answer 28

Increased temp reduces oxygen solubility

Question 29

What is the first indication of low oxygen?

Answer 29

lethargy and inappetence

Question 30

What bacteria converts ammonia to nitrite?

Answer 30

Nitrosomonas

Question 31

What bacteria converts nitrite to nitrate?

Answer 31

Nitrospira

Question 32

What causes lamellar hyperplasia in fish?

Answer 32

Either due to stress of poor water quality (lots of ammonia)

Question 33

Name 4 ways we can euthanise fish

Answer 33

1. Overdose of aneasthetic
2. Sharp blow to the head
3. Stunning
4. Eugenol/ Clove oil