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Healthy Populations Exam 3 > Fish Diseases > Flashcards

Fish Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is commonly seen in:

A

Trout and salmon worldwide
Fry/fingerlings (<6m)
Adult trout become subclinical carriers

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2
Q

Which organs does IPN commonly affect?

A

Pancreas, pyloric cecum, intestines

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3
Q

Clinical signs of IPN?

A

Hyperpigmentation, exophthalmia, ascites, abdominal distension

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4
Q

How is IPN transmitted?

A

Horizontal: feces, urine
Vertical: through egg

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5
Q

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHN) affects what species of fish? Where in the U.S. is it found?

A

Trout, Salmon
Western U.S., Alaska

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6
Q

IHN virus affects which tissues?

A

Hematopoietic tissues (pancreas, liver)

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7
Q

Clinical signs of IHN?

A

Lethargy, anemia, exophthalmia, petechial hemorrhages, ascites, abdominal distension

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of viral hemorrhagic septicemia IVb?

A

Lethargy, swimming in circles, lie motionless of surface, petechial hemorrhages of skin, massive mortalities
Sometimes may have no clinical signs

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9
Q

What might you see on necropsy of a fish with viral hemorrhagic septicemia IVb?

A

Hemorrhage on liver, spleen, intestine, and swim bladder

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10
Q

Infectious salmonid anemia is most commonly found where?

A

Scotland, Norway, Chile, Canada, U.S. (Maine)

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11
Q

Clinical signs of infectious salmonid anemia?

A

Lethargy, anemia, exophthalmia, scale loss, severe hemorrhage of kidney and splenic tissues

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12
Q

Of the major diseases of salmonids, which are considered foreign animal diseases?

A

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia ( + type IVb), Infectious salmonid anemia

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13
Q

Koi herpes virus affects what type of fish and what clinical signs are seen?

A

-Acute herpes viral disease specific for carp (koi) with high mortality
-Non-specific clinical signs; severe gill lesions, pale gills

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14
Q

Spring viremia of carp is what kind of pathogen, and where is it found?

A

Rhabdovirus
Europe, Soviet Union, U.S.

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15
Q

Clinical signs of spring viremia of carp?

A

Aimless swimming, abdominal distension, ascites, generalized hemorrhage of skin and gills

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16
Q

Fish pox and/or carp pox is a ______ virus and not a ______ virus

A

Herpes, not Pox!

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17
Q

What is the major clinical sign of fish pox?

A

Raised, white nodules on skin and fins
Transient, focal, benign hyperplasia of epithelium

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18
Q

Lymphocystis is what type of virus, and what kind of fish is it found in?

A

Iridovirus
Chronic disease of freshwater, brackish and marine fish

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19
Q

Clinical signs of lymphocystis?

A

Raised, white nodules on skin and fins
Infected fibroblastic cells undergo massive growth

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20
Q

What is the mortality rate of lymphocystis?

A

Disease generally self limiting; and rarely fatal

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21
Q

Most bacterial diseases of fish are:

A

Gram negative pathogens

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22
Q

What are the most common bacterial diseases of fish?

A

Aeromonas hydrophilia
Aeromonas salmonicida
Vibrio spp.
Flavobacterium columnaris
Streptococcus spp.
Mycobacterium spp.

23
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila causes what in fish?

A

Skin and systemic infections in warm-water fish

24
Q

Aeromonas salmonicida commonly causes what in fish?

A

Furunculosis in cold water fish, especially RBT

25
Q

Vibrio bacterial species commonly cause what in fish?

A

Skin ulcers and/or septicemia with erythema of the skin and oral cavity, hemorrhages of the tail, fins, and gills

26
Q

What is one of the most important things to remember of Vibrio species?

A

Most of them have zoonotic potential

27
Q

Flavobacterium columnaris is also called:

A

Columnaris or columnaris disease

28
Q

Flavobacterium columnaris causes what clinical signs and in what type of fish?

A

Pale “haystack” colonial appearance on fish
Affects most species of warm water, freshwater fish

29
Q

Streptococcus spp. generally cause what kind of disease?

A

Severe bacterial septicemia

30
Q

What clinical signs might be seen on fish with streptococcus infections?

A

Anorexia, hemorrhages of fin and body, skin ulcerations, abnormal behavior

31
Q

What is the most important streptococcus species infecting fish with high zoonotic potential?

A

Streptococcus iniae

32
Q

Generally speaking, Mycobacterium species cause what kind of disease?

A

Chronic, progressive, multisystemic disease

33
Q

Clinical signs of mycobacterium species?

A

Lethargy, anorexia, emaciation, chronic skin ulcerations, usually low mortality

34
Q

Mycobacterium species of zoonotic potential is commonly called what, and what type of clinical signs does it cause?

A

“Fish handlers disease”
Cutaneous papulopustular to nodular disease

35
Q

Parasites are more common in ______ fish than _____ fish

A

Cultured; wild

36
Q

What is the organism that causes “Ich”?

A

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

37
Q

Where does Ichthyophthirius multifiliis cause effect on fish?

A

Penetrates skin and gill of host

38
Q

What are the differences between Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans?

A

C. irritans is a holotrich ciliate without C shaped nucleus and affects marine fish
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis has a C shaped nucleus and affects freshwater fish

39
Q

C. irritans affects what parts of fish?

A

Skin and gill epithelium

40
Q

Which organism commonly causes “whirling disease”?

A

Myxobolus cerebralis

41
Q

Myxobolus cerebralis causes what:

A

Causes black tail or skeletal deformities in salmonids; mortality in young salmonids

42
Q

Myxobolus cerebralis affects what tissues

A

Cartilaginous tissues of skeleton and gills

43
Q

What is the name of the myxosporidean parasite that causes proliferative gill disease?

A

Henneguya ictaluri

44
Q

Another name for proliferative gill disease?

A

Hamburger gill disease

45
Q

What does Henneguya ictaluri cause (clinical signs)?

A

Inflammatory reaction in gill epithelium
Clinical signs include lethargy, surface breathing, severely swollen and fragile gill tissue

46
Q

What are monogeneans?

A

Parasitic flatworms
External parasites of the gill and skin tissue

47
Q

What are digenetic trematodes, and what types do we see commonly in fish?

A

Larval digenetic trematodes
Yellow grub, black spot, and eye fluke

48
Q

Arthropod parasites cause what type of disease?

A

Focal inflammation at site of attachments, typically skin and gill filaments

49
Q

What are the most common fungal diseases of fish?

A

Water molds- Saprolegnia, Aphanomyces

50
Q

How to fungal diseases of fish typically present?

A

White to gray, cotton-like mycelial masses

51
Q

What causes the development of fungal diseases in fish?

A

Poor water quality or trauma
Secondary, opportunistic invaders

52
Q

What are the most common types of tumors (neoplasia) reported in fish?

A

Papillomas (epithelium)
Carcinomas (epithelium)
Fibromas (fibrous connective tissue)
Melanomas (pigment cells)
Adenomas (thyroid)
Adenocarcinomas (thyroid)
Hepatomas (liver)
Hepatic carcinomas (liver)

53
Q

What are the three types of non-infectious diseases of fish?

A

Ammonia toxicity
Nitrate toxicity
Nitrite toxicity

54
Q

What is the biggest thing to remember when diagnosing nitrogenous waste toxicities?

A

NEED to have water quality parameters tested

Healthy Populations Exam 3 (21 decks)

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