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HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms > Fixation > Flashcards

Fixation Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

The killing, penetration and hardening of tissues

A

Fixation

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2
Q

First and most crucial step in tissue processing

A

Fixation

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3
Q

Fixative of Choice

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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4
Q

Tissue to Fixative Ratio

A

1:10 or 1:20

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5
Q

Optimal pH for Fixative

A

6-8

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6
Q

Optimal Temp for routine fixative

A

Room Temp to 45C

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7
Q

Types of Fixative based on Composition

A

Simple & Compound

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8
Q

Type based on composition:

made of only 1 component

A

simple

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9
Q

Type based on composition:

consists of 2 or more components of fixatives

A

compound

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10
Q

Types of Fixative based on Action

A

Microanatomical
Cytological
Histochemical

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11
Q

Type of fixative based on action:

General study of tissue w/o structure alteration

A

Microanatomical

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12
Q

2 types of Cytological Fixative

A

Nuclear
Cytoplasmic

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13
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • Saturated Formaldehyde + 10% NaCl
  • For fixation of CNS tissues and general post mortem tissues for histochemical examination
A

10% Formol-Saline

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14
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • Best general tissue fixative
A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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15
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • Saturated aq. Mercuric chloride + 40% Formaldehyde
  • For routine post mortem tissues and Silver Reticulum staining methods
A

Formol-Corrosive

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16
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • Has 95% ETOH, Picric Acid, and GHAc
A

Gendre’s

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17
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • For GI tissues, prostate biopsies, and bone marrow
A

Hollande’s

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18
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • Made up of 2 formaldehyde residues linked by 3 carbon chains
  • For enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy
A

Glutaraldehyde

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19
Q

Glutaraldehyde concentration for immune electron microscopy

A

0.25%

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20
Q

Glutaraldehyde concentration for small tissue fragments

A

2.5%

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21
Q

Most common glutaraldehyde concentration

A

3%

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22
Q

Glutaraldehyde concentration for large tissue fragments

A

4%

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23
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

-Polymer of Formalin
- For ultrathin and electron microscopy

A

Paraformaldehyde

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24
Q

Aldehyde Fixative:

  • Acrolein in glutaraldehyde or formalin
  • for electron microscopy and electron immunocytochemistry
A
  • Karnovsky’s Paraformaldehyde
  • Karnovsky’s Glutaraldehyde
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25
3 types of Metallic Fixatives
Mercuric Chloride Chromates Lead
26
Most common type of metallic fixative
Mercuric Chloride
27
Mercuric Chloride Fixative: - HgCl2 + Potassium dichromate + glacial acetic acid - Good general fixative for adequate preservation of all kinds of tissues
Zenker's Fluid
28
Mercuric Chloride Fixative: - HgCl2 + Potassium dichromate + strong formalin (40%) - For pituitary gland, BM, & blood-containing organs
Zenker-Formol (Helly's)
29
Mercuric Chloride Fixative: - HgCl2 + NaCl + TCA + glacial acetic acid + formalin - for skin tumor biopsy
Heidenhain's Susa
30
Mercuric Chloride Fixative: - recommended for hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue
B-5 Fixative
31
Mercuric Chloride Fixative: - for making smears of loose cells on slides
Shaudinn's Fluid
32
Chromate Fixatives: - preserves carbohydrates; precipitates all protein
Chromic Acid 1-2%
33
Chromate Fixative: - for chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, golgi bodies, RBC and colloid containing tissues
Regaud's / Muller's Fluid
34
Chromate Fixative: - study of early degenerative processes and necrosis; Rickettsia and other bacteria - preserves myelin
Orth's Fluid
35
Chromate Fixative: - preserves lipids & mitochondria at pH 4.5 to 5.2; cytoplasm, chromatin, and chromosome are fixed
Potassium Dichromate
36
Metallic Fixative: Preserves acid mucopolysaccharide
Lead
37
Normally used in strong aqueous solution
Picric Acid Fixatives
38
Picric Acid Fixative: - for embryo and pituitary biopsies, and tissue to be stained with Masson's Trichrome
Bouin's
39
Picric Acid Fixative: - better and less messy than Bouin's
Brasil's Alcoholic Picroformol
40
Picric Acid Fixative: - incorporated in compound fixatives - solidifies at 17C - important for nuclear fixatives - destroys mitochondira and golgi elements
Glacial Acetic Acid
41
Fixative that causes polarization of glycogen
Alcohol Fixative
42
Alcohol Fixative: -most rapid tissue fixative - fixing brain tissues for rabies dx - fixes nissl granules and cytoplasmic granules
Carnoy's Fluid
43
Alchohol Fixative: - enzyme studies; does not fix but preserves glycogen
Ethanol
44
Alcohol Fixative: - for dry and wet smears, bone marrow smears, and bacterial smears
Methanol / Wood Alcohol
45
Alcohol Fixative: - for touch prep smears to be Wright-stained
Isopropanol
46
Alcohol Fixative: - for mucopolysaccharide
Newcomer's Fluid
47
Alcohol Fixative: - for sputum
Gendre's (Alcoholic Formalin)
48
Tissue-to-fixative ratio of Osmic Acid Fixatives
1:5
49
Osmic Acid Fixative: - nuclear fixative - most common osmic acid fixative
Flemming's Solution
50
Osmic Acid Fixative: - cytoplasmic fixative
Flemming's Solution w/o Glacial acetic acid
51
Osmic Acid Fixative: - incorporated into compound fixatives - marked swelling effect on tissues - poor penetration thus for small pieces of tissues or bones - weak decalcifying agent, has softening effect on dense fibrous tissues
Trichloroacetic acid
52
Osmic Acid Fixative: - use at ice cold temps (-5 to 4C) - for water diffusible enzymes - fixes brain tissue (for rabies)
Acetone
53
Involves thermal coagulation of tissue proteins for rapid diagnosis
Heat Fixation
54
Optimum temp for Heat Fixation
45 - 55C
55
To ensure further and complete hardening and preservation of tissues
Secondary Fixation
56
Technique whereby a primary fixed tissue is placed in aq. solution of 2.5% to 3% potassium dichromate for 24hrs
Post-Chromatization
57
Process of removing excess fixatives
Washing Out
58
used for washing out excess chromate, formalin, and osmic acid
Tap water
59
used for washing out of picric acid
50% - 70% Alcohol
60
used for washing out of Mercuric Fixatives
Alcoholic Iodine

HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms (5 decks)

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