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HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms > Microtomy > Flashcards

Microtomy Flashcards

1
Q

Expected output after embedding

A

Tissue Block

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2
Q

Purpose of Trimming

A

Even out the edges of tissue block

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3
Q

Ideal shape in trimming

A

Truncated Pyramid

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4
Q

At least __mm of wax should surround the tissue

A

2

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5
Q

other term for Microtomy

A

Sectioning

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6
Q

An indication that your sectioning is correct

A

Tissue Ribbons

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7
Q

Complete ribbons are picked up and transferred to a flotation bath using what utensils?

A

camel hair brush
forceps
fingers

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8
Q

Microtome Principle

A

Spring-balanced or pawl is brought into contact with, and turns the ratchet feed wheel connected to a micrometer screw, which is, in turn rotated, moving the tissue back at a predetermined distance towards the knife for cutting sections at a uniform thickness

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9
Q

Essential parts of a microtome

A

Block holder
Knife Carrier and Knife
Pawl
Ratchet Feed Wheel
Adjustment Screws

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10
Q

Part of microtome that holds the tissue block

A

Block Holder

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11
Q

Part of microtome that does the actual cutting or sectioning of the tissues

A

Knife Carrier and Knife

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12
Q

6 Types of Microtome

A

Rocking Microtome
Rotary Microtome
Slide Microtome
Freezing Microtome
Cryostat/Cold Microtome
Ultrathin Microtome

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13
Q

Simplest Microtome

A

Rocking Microtome (Cambridge)

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14
Q

Who invented the Rocking Microtome

A

Paldwell Trefall (1881)

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15
Q

Tissue thickness for Rocking Microtome

A

10-12 um

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16
Q

Most common microtome

A

Rotary Microtome (Minot)

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17
Q

Tissue thickness for Rotary Microtome

A

3-5 um

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18
Q

Who invented the Rotary Microtome

A

Minot (1885-1886)

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19
Q

Who developed the Sliding Microtome

A

Adams (1789)

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20
Q

2 Types of Sliding Microtome

A

Base-Sledge Microtome
Standard Sliding Microtome

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21
Q

Sliding Microtome:

Electrically driven and ideal for resin-embedded decalcified bone

A

Base-Sledge Microtome

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22
Q

Sliding Microtome:

Knife is moving; the most dangerous type of microtome because of the exposed moving blade

A

Standard Sliding Microtome

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23
Q

Recommended microtome for cutting “extremely” hard and rough tissue blocks

A

Sliding Microtome

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24
Q

Who invented the Freezing Microtome

A

Quickett (1848)

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25
Q

Freezing agent used in Freezing Microtome

A

Carbon Dioxide

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26
Q

Microtome used to cut undehydrated tissues in a frozen state

A

Freezing Microtome

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27
Q

Microtome ideal for fresh tissues that did not undergo fixation down infiltration

A

Freezing Microtome

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28
Q

Microtome used for rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis

A

Cryostat

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29
Q

Cryostat Chamber temp

A

-5 to -30C (average fo 20C)

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30
Q

Part of cryostat capable of freezing fresh tissue within 2-3 mins

A

Thermostat

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31
Q

Tissue size for Cryostat

A

4 um

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32
Q

Tissue size for Ultrathin Microscope

A

0.5 um

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33
Q

Ultrathin Microtome Medium

A

Plastic

34
Q

Microtome for electron microscopy and tissues fixed with osmic acid

A

Ultrathin Microtome

35
Q

What knife does Ultrathin Microtome use

A

Diamond Knife

36
Q

Tissue size of paraffin sections

A

4-6 um

37
Q

Tissue size of Celloidin sections

A

10-15 um

38
Q

Celloidin block and sections are kept moist using what

A

70% Alcohol

39
Q

3 Knives in Microtomes

A

Plane-Concave
Biconcave
Plaen-Wedge

40
Q

Plane Concave Knife length

A

25mm

41
Q

Biconcave Knife length

A

120mm

42
Q

Plane-Wedge knife length

A

100mm

43
Q

Microtome knife where one side is flat and the other side is concave

A

Plance-Concave

44
Q

Microtome Knife where both sides are concave

A

Biconcave

45
Q

Microtome Knife where both sides are straight

A

Plane-Wedge

46
Q

Embedding medium for Plane-Concave knives that are less concave

A

Celloidin

47
Q

Embedding medium for Plane-Concave knives that are more concave

A

Paraffin

48
Q

Embedding Medium for Biconcave and Plane-Wedge knives

A

Paraffin

49
Q

Microtomes that use plane-concave knives that are less concave

A

Sliding Microtome

50
Q

Microtomes that use plane-concave knives that are more concave

A

Base Sledge or Rotary Microtome

51
Q

Microtomes that use biconcave knives

A

Rotary Microtome

52
Q

Microtomes that use plane-wedge knives

A

Base-Sledge Microtome

53
Q

Microtome knife that is coated with polytetrafluroethylene

A

Disposable Blade

54
Q

Microtome knife that is for partially calcified materials, paraffin, and frozen sections

A

Safety Razor Blade

55
Q

Bevel Angle

A

27 to 32 degrees

56
Q

Cutting Angle

A

14 degrees

57
Q

Most important knife angle

A

Clearing Angle

58
Q

Clearing Angle

A

5 to 10 degrees

59
Q

Heel to Toe sharpening

A

Honing

60
Q

Toe to Heel

A

Stropping

61
Q

Honing vs Stropping:

Removing of Gross nicks

A

Honing

62
Q

Honing vs Stropping:

Removal of Burr/Irregularities

A

Stropping

63
Q

Sharpening method that aims to acquire an even edge

A

Honing

64
Q

Final polishing of the knife edge

A

Stropping

65
Q

Most common Hone

A

Belgium Yellow

66
Q

Hone that has a more polishing effect

A

Arkansas

67
Q

Hone used for badly nicked knives

A

Fine Carborundum

68
Q

Lubricants for Honing

A

Soapy water
Mineral Oil
Clove Oil
Xylene
Liquid Paraffin

69
Q

Knife Sharpener used for grinding and removing nicks

A

Flat Glass plate (w/ finely powdered aluminum oxide)

70
Q

Knife Sharpener for final polishing

A

Diamantine

71
Q

In Stropping, instead of hones, what is used?

A

Paddle Strop

72
Q

Enumerate 5 adhesives

A

Mayer’s Egg Albumin
Dried Albumin
Starch Paste
Sodium Silicate
Resin

73
Q

Most common adhesive

A

Mayer’s Egg Albumin

74
Q

Main Adhesive in Mayer’s Egg Albumin

A

Egg white

75
Q

Increases viscosity and prevents drying in Mayer’s Egg Albumin

A

Glycerol

76
Q

Prevents mold formation in Mayer’s Egg Albumin

A

Thymol Cyrstals

77
Q

Floatation water bath temp

A

45 to 50 C (5-10C below melting point)

78
Q

Inside of Floatation bath is colored using what

A

Enamel Black

79
Q

Recommend number of tissue sections for Floatation

A

3 to 5

80
Q

Slide Dryer temp

A

5 to 10 C above melting point

81
Q

Used to store the mounted section during the drying

A

Metal Racks (w/ 25-slide divisions)

HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms (5 decks)

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