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HISTOPATH > FIXATION 3.0 > Flashcards

FIXATION 3.0 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a constituent of compound fixatives and it precipitates all proteins and adequately preserves CHO.

A

Chromic acid

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2
Q

It preserves lipids and mitochondria

A

Potassium Dichromate

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3
Q

This is recommended for the demonstration of : Chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBC and colloid containing tissues

A

Regard’s (Muller’s) Fluid

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4
Q

What is the fixation time of Regard’s (Muller’s) Fluid?

A

12-48 hours

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5
Q

This fixative is recommended for early degenerative process, tissue necrosis and demonstration of Rickettsiae and bacteria

A

Orth’s fluid.

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6
Q

What is the fixation time of Orth’s fluid?

A

36 - 72 hours

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7
Q

Enumerate the Chromic Fixatives.

A

Chromic acid
Potassium Dichromate
Regard’s (Muller’s) fluid
Orth’s fluid

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8
Q

This is used in 4% aqueous solution of basic lead aerate and is recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides and connective tissue mucin.

A

Lead fixatives

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9
Q

Enumerate the metallic fixatives

A

Mercuric chloride
Chromate fixatives
Lead fixatives

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10
Q

This is normally used in a strong saturated aqueous solution (1%) and not in dry form. It is also used in dyes tissue yellow, and is an excellent fixative for glycogen demonstration.

A

Picric cid fixatives

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11
Q

This solution is recommended for embryos and pituitary biopsies

A

Bouin’s solution

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12
Q

This is better and less messy than Bouin’s solution and an excellent fixative for glycogen

A

Brasil’s Solution

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13
Q

Enumerate the Picric acid fixatives

A

Bouin’s solution
Brasil’s Solution

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14
Q

This is used in conjunction with the fixative to form a compound solution, solidified at 17’C .

A

Glacial Acetic ACid

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15
Q

The advantages of this fixative are:
- Fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins
- Causes tissues to swell
- Precipitates chromosome and chromosome material.

A

Glacial acetic acid

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16
Q

This rapidly denatures and precipitates proteins.

A

Alcoholic fixatives

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17
Q

Fix and preserve Glycogen, pigments, blood, tissue films and smear.

A

Absolute alcohol

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18
Q

This is ideal for small tissue fragments. Fixative and dehydrating agent, excellent for glycogen preservation and preserves nuclear stain.

A

Alcohol fixatives (70-100%)

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19
Q

This fixes dry and wet smear, blood smear and bone marrow tissue.

A

Methyl alcohol (100%)

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20
Q

This is used for touch preparations

A

Isopropyl alcohol (95%)

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21
Q

This is maybe used as a simple fixative.

A

Ethyl alcohol (70-100%)

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22
Q

What is the fixation time of ethyl alcohol (70-100%)?

A

18 - 24 hours

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23
Q

This is the most rapid fixative and can fix the tissue for 1 hour only. Fixes and dehydrates at the same time.

A

Carnoy’s fluid

24
Q

This is used for urgent biopsies (5 hours) and brain tissue for diagnosis of rabies.

A

Carnoy’s fluid

25
What is the fixation time of Carnoy's fluid?
1- 3 hours
26
This is pale yellow when dissolving into the water. However if it is in electron microscopy, the used stain is heavy metal.
Osmium tetroxide (Osmic acid)
27
its advantages are: - Fixes conjugated-fats and lipids permanently - Preserves cytoplasmic structures well - Fixes myelin and peripheral nerves well - Adequately fixes materials for ultra-thin sectioning
Osmium tetroxide (Osmic acid)
28
The disadvantage of this is that it deteriorates.
Flemming's solution
29
This is the most common chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative, recommended for nuclear structures, permanently fixes fats.
Flemming's solution
30
What is the fixation time of flemming's solution?
24 - 48 hours
31
This is made up only of chromic and osmic, recommended for cytoplasmic structures (mitochondria).
Flemming's SOlution w/out acetic acid.
32
Enumerate the osmium tetroxide (osmic acid) fixatives.
Flemming's solution (w/ or w/out acetic acid)
33
This is sometimes incorporated into compound fixatives, precipitates proteins, Has a marked swelling effect and maybe used as a weak decalcifying agent.
Trichloroacetic acid
34
This is used at ice cold temperatures ranging from -5 to 4'C and is recommended for phosphates and lipases. It is used for fixing the brain and diagnosing rabies.
Acetone
35
This involves the thermal coagulation of tissue proteins, employed for frozen tissue sections and bacteriological smear and preserves nuclear and cytoplasmic detail.
Heat fixation
36
This is a pre-fixed undergone second fixative to improve the demonstration of particular substances.
Post mordanting/secondary fixation
37
This is for special staining technique.
Post-mordanting
38
This is for better staining.
Post chromatization 2.5 - 3% Potassium dichromate - mordant)
39
What is used to remove the excess?
Tap water
40
What do you call the removal of excess fixative?
Washing - out
41
What do you call the removal of pigment after fixation?
Washing out
42
How to remove the white ppt of formalin?
By adding 10% methanol
43
How to remove the brown/black precipitate of formalin?
Alkaline picrate (PIcric acid + 95% EA) OR 1% KOH in 80% alcohol
44
28% NH3 H20 + 70% ethyl alcohol is used to remove this.
Kardasewitsch's
45
28%NH3 H2O, acetone + H2O2 (-wash in 70% alcohol)
Lillie's
46
What is the solution used for the removal of picric acid?
Lenoir's solution
47
What is used to wash out the mercuric fixative?
0.5% Iodine solution in 70% ethanol (5-10 minutes)
48
What is the decolorizer of Mercuric fixative?
5% Na thiosulfate
49
What decolorize the melanin?
KMnO4
50
What reduces the melanin?
Pyrogallic acid
51
What is used for bleaching and final removal of Melanin?
Hydrogen peroxide
52
What is used for the fixation for electron microscopy?
Aldehyde fixation: A. Karnovsky's paraformaldehyde - glutaraldehyde B. Acrolein - glutaraldehyde / formaldehyde
53
What is used for the post fixation of Electron microscopy?
Acrolein
54
What is the pH for the post fixation of EM?
7.2 - 7.4
55
What is used fixative for enzyme histochemistry?
4% FORMALDEHYDE OR FORMOL-SALINE
56
What fixative is used for the frozen section of enzyme histochemistry?
Acetone or formaldehyde
57
What are the fixatives for smears?
Schaundinn's Ether-alcohol Methanol

HISTOPATH (26 decks)

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