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INFILTRATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is infiltration?

A
  • Removal of clearing agents from the tissue
  • Replacing the clearing agent in a supportive medium
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2
Q

This is the process of completely filling the tissue spaces with a medium with a firm consistency.

A

Impregnation

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3
Q

What would be filled in the impregnation process?

A

Natural cavities
Spaces
Interstices

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4
Q

Under care and selection of waxes, what should be the volume of the medium?

A

25X tissue volume

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5
Q

Under care and selection of waxes, what should be the melting point?

A

56C

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6
Q

This type of tissue requires a higher melting point

A

Hard tissues

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7
Q

What is the type of microtome used under infiltration and impregnation?

A

Fixed-knife microtome

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8
Q

What type of knife is used under fixed-knife microtomes?

A

Heavier knives

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9
Q

This infiltrates support and encloses tissue specimens which provide structural integrity and shape of the tissue.

A

Embedding media

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10
Q

This encloses the tissue specimens for complete protection from the cutting of the tissues without damaging the tissue samples.

A

Embedding media

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11
Q

What should be the characteristic of an embedding media?

A

Must be capable of being converted readily from liquid to solid form.

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12
Q

What is commonly used in crystallization?

A

Paraffin and carbowax

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13
Q

Paraffin and carbowax are used in?

A

Crystallization

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14
Q

What is used in evaporation of the solvent?

A

Celloidin

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15
Q

Celloidin is used in?

A

Evaporation of the solvent

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16
Q

What is used in polymerization?

A

Plastics

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17
Q

Plastics are used in?

A

Polymerization

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18
Q

What are the mechanisms of solidification?

A

Crystallization
Evaporation
Polymerization

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19
Q

Enumerate the types of embedding

A

Paraffin embedding

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20
Q

This type of embedding is the most commonly used in routine tissue processing, and the best embedding medium.

A

Paraffin embedding

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21
Q

Paraffin embedding shrinks about _______ on cooling.

A

10%

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22
Q

Under paraffin embedding, what is the melting point for normal routine work?

A

56-58C

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23
Q

The paraffin oven that would be used under paraffin embedding should be set at what temperature?

A

2-5C higher than the melting point of paraffin wax.

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24
Q

What are the methods of paraffin impregnation?

A

Manual processing
Automatic processing
Vacuum processing

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25
How many changes are done under manual processing? Include the temperature.
4 changes at 2-5C higher than the melting point of the wax
26
Under fixation of manual processing, how many hours is needed for 10% NBF?
24 HOURS
27
Under clearing of manual processing, how many hours should it take for Xylene or Toluene?
1 hour
28
Under impregnation and Embedding of manual processing, how long should it take for the Paraffin wax?
Impregnation : 15 minutes Embedding : 3 hours
29
How often do you change under automatic processing? Include the time.
2-3 changes for at least 3C higher than the melting point of the wax.
30
If you are using a wax bath, what should be the temperature?
3C higher than the melting point
31
Under automatic processing how long is the processing time of 10%NBF and 70% alcohol and Chlorform?
2 hours
32
How long is the processing time of Xylene of Toluene under automatic processing?
1 hour
33
How long is the processing time of Benzene 1 and 2 under automatic processing?
30 minutes (1) 1 hour (2)
34
What is the negative atmospheric pressure of Vacuum processing?
400-500mmHg
35
How often do you change in vacuum processing? Include the time
3 changes at 2-4C above the melting point of wax.
36
Where do you apply vacuum processing?
Urgent biopsies Dense biopsies Delicate biopsies Fibrous biopsies
37
Vacuum processing is composed of?
Flat-bottom heavy brass chamber 2 screw valves
38
Vacuum processing has 2 valves, what is the function of each valve?
1st : readmission of air 2nd: Connected to a tube and a suction pump
39
One consideration of the method of paraffin impregnation is: Paraffin ax must be _____: used only ______.
Pure: Twice
40
At what temperature will water remove be removed by heating paraffin?
100-105C
41
What are the substitutes for paraffin wax?
Paraplast Ester wax Water soluble waxes
42
What is the melting point of paraplast?
56-57C
43
More elastic and resilient than regular paraffin wax. It can withstand or it can handle more than the paraffin wax. It doesn’t crumble during microtomy or cutting of tissues
Paraplast
44
 Better ribboning with ease  Doesn’t require cooling
Paraplast
45
What are the type of paraplast?
Embeddol Bioloid Tissue mat
46
Synthetic wax used as a substitute for paraplast Less brittle than paraplast (during sectioning)
Embeddol
47
What is the melting point of embeddol?
26-58C
48
Semisynthetic wax that is used in impregnating and embedding eye samples
Bioloid
49
Contains rubber (from paraffin)
Tissue mat
50
What is the melting point of ester wax? To which reagent is fixative soluble?
46-48C 75 ethyl alcohol
51
Lower melting point but harder than paraffin
Ester wax
52
What is the melting point of water soluble waxes?
38-42C or 45-56C
53
What is the composition of Water soluble waxes?
Polyethylene glycol
54
Does not require dehydration and clearing Suitable for histochemical and enzyme studies
Carbowax
55
What is the common advantage of Carbowax?
It does not remove neutral fats and lipids
56
At what temperature is blocking done at carboxy processing?
50C
57
Avoid overheating in carboxy processing because it will?
Crumby blocks
58
One precaution when doing carboxy processing is that it is highly soluble in water or?
Hygroscopic
59
Carbowax cannot float in water because it is hygroscopic, therefore what would be the remedy?
Add soap or 10% polyethylene glycol 900 ml in water bath Use floating solutions
60
What are the floating solutions used in carboxy processing?
Pearse solution Blank and Mc Carthy solution
61
Mixture of formalin, Diethyl glycol, Distilled water
Pearse solution
62
Containing gelatin and potassium chromate
BLANK and MC CARTHY SOLUTION

HISTOPATH (26 decks)

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