Flash Card #4 Flashcards by Youanne Casimir

What is food?

provides the materials for energy, growth
and repair of tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a calorie?

amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is metabolism?

represents the sum of all chemical
reactions that takes place within an organism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are nutrients?

substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all vital processes. There are six (6)
nutrients

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the six nutrients?

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are carbohydrates?

major source of quick
energy; provides the raw materials to make parts of cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are fats?

stored energy. Fats form part of the cell membrane and fatty tissue protects and supports your internal organs and
insulates your body. Brain Development

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is protein?

needed for tissue growth and
repair/maintenance. Proteins play a role in chemical reactions
within the cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are vitamins and minerals needed?

Vitamins and Minerals are needed in small amounts to carry out chemical reactions.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is water important?

is important because the chemical reactions take place in water; blood flows due to water; joints lubricated by water; body temperature is regulated by water (perspiration/sweat).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the circulatory system?

a tube system which carries nutrients to body cells and carries away waste. Blood
moves through these tubes
carrying nutrients and waste as well as contains cells
that fight disease.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the heart consist of?

consists of four
(4) chambers that
pumps blood through
out body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Atria?

upper chambers
that receives blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ventricles?

lower chambers that pumps
blood away from heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the right ventricles do?

pumps blood to lungs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the left ventricles do?

pumps blood to
body (aorta)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do valve (veins) do?

prevents backflow (due to
lower blood pressure)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the pacemaker do?

sends out electrical signal to
heart; heart muscle contracts regularly.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do arteries do?

carries blood AWAY from heart, 3 cell layers, thick walled, under high blood pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do veins do?

carries blood to heart; has valves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are capillaries?

tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient & waste exchange between blood and body cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a pulse?

expansion and relaxation of the artery wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is diffusion (osmosis)?

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (through membrane)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is blood pressure caused?

caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away
from the heart, blood pressure decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does blood composition have in it?

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red bone marrow

What is plasma?

liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients (glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2, water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.

What are red blood cells?

carries oxygen to body cells; contains hemoglobin (iron protein); lifespan 4 months; if blood bright red, oxygen present, if blood dark red/brown, no oxygen present

What are white blood cells?

disease fighting cells; lifespan months-years; specialized cells

What are platelets?

clot blood; produces fibrin protein

What is a blood type?

surface molecules found on red blood cells

What is a RH factor?

also surface molecules found on red blood cells

What is transfusion?

transfer of blood from one organism to another organism; if blood clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death

What is the lymphatic (filtering system)?

cleans and returns fluid to Circulatory System

What is a lymph?

contains water, glucose, white blood cells

What are Lymph nodes?

traps invaders microorganisms (bacteria); node – “filter”

How many cells does the human body consist of?

Human body consists of 30-60 trillion body cells

What is the respiratory system?

moves oxygen from atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous waste (CO2 & water vapor)

What is respiration?

is the chemical reaction: Sugar + oxygen → energy + CO2 + water vapor

What is breathing?

the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Where does the air enter in the nose?

air enters through nostrils

What is the pharynx?

throat; shared with digestive system

What is the larynx?

voice box; vocal cords

What is the trachea?

windpipe; tube from pharynx to bronchus (lung)

What is the epiglottis?

trachea (windpipe) flap during swallowing of food & liquids

What is the bronchi?

tube branches within lungs

What is the lung?

organ that transfers gases from the environment (atmosphere) into or out of the Circulatory System

What is the alveoli?

grapelike structures at end of bronchioles surrounded by capillaries

What is the gas exchange within the lungs?

Oxygen [O2] enters and CO2 / H2Og leaves the Circulatory System thru the lung’s alveoli (capillary walls) by osmosis (high → low concentration).

What is the excretory system?

collects and removes waste;solids - rectum of Digestive System, liquids - kidneys of Urinary System, gases - lungs of Respiratory System.

What is urology?

the study of the urine and the genitourinary tract in health and disease.

What is proctology?

the branch of medicine concerned with the anus and rectum.

What are the excretory organs?

kidneys, lungs, skin ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

What are kidneys?

organ which removes liquid waste from the blood; a “filter”; humans have 2 kidneys

What is the urea?

breakdown of protein (yellow color)

What are liquid wastes?

urine (urea, water, other)

What is a ureter?

tube which connects from kidneys to urinary bladder

What is the urinary bladder?

saclike muscular organ which stores urine

What is the urethra?

tube which connects urinary bladder to outside of body

What is the function of the kidney?

contain many nephrons; Each nephron filters the blood. By the process of osmosis (diffusion), urea and some water is removed but sugar and much of the water is returned to the blood (reabsorption). The urine is then stored in the urinary bladder for future removal from the body

What the function of the nephron?

filter liquid toxins removed (Urine) water reabsorbed/saved