FLASHCARDS FOR BACTERIA LAB+ CLASSIFYING BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION

Question 1

Characteristics of kingdom Bacteria

Answer 1

-Single-celled
-Prokaryotic
-Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
-Cell membrane
Cytoplasma
-Single looped chromosome
-Ribosomes

Question 2

Where is the single looped chromosome found?

Answer 2

In the nucleoid

Question 3

How do bacteria get around?

Answer 3

-Pili
-Flagella

Question 4

Plasmids

Answer 4

Found in cytoplasma
-Small loop of extra genes
-not important but can be helpful

Question 5

What does the sticky capsule of bacteria do?

Answer 5

-Prevents water loss
-Resists temperatures
-Keeps out anti-biotic virus

Question 6

How many seperate groups does Eubacteria (Bacteria) have and how many are important?

Answer 6

It has more than 12 seperate groups amd 6 are considrd important

Question 7

Round shaped bacteria name?

Answer 7

Coccus

Question 8

Rod shaped bacteria name?

Answer 8

Bacillus

Question 9

Spiral shaped bacteria name?

Answer 9

Spirilla

Question 10

Bacteria that comes in pairs are called?

Answer 10

Diplo

Question 11

Bacteria in chains are called?

Answer 11

Strepto

Question 12

Bacteria in clusters are called?

Answer 12

Staphilo

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE
Some bacteria are autotrophs and some hetrotrophs?

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What process do bacteria go through in order to multiply?

Answer 14

Binary fissions

Question 15

Why is it important to finish off anti-biotics that have been prescribed for a certain duration of use?

Answer 15

• One can become anti-botic resistant
• Remaing bacteria will remember the medication and fight it off

-If the illness was to occur aagain then it wouldn’t work agaisnt the illness

Question 16

What do Marcophage do in our immune system?

Answer 16

• They swallow bacteria and trap it in its membrane

-Bacteria is broken down by enzyems and is killed

-Cause inflimation so that fighting off the infection is easier

Question 17

What Neutrophils do in our immune system?

Answer 17

• Come into play when Marcophage is in distress

-Very reckless and kill eveything, including healhty cells

• Generate barriers that kill and trap bacteria

-Kill themselves after a while

Question 18

What does the Dendritic cell do for our immune system?

Answer 18

Takes parts of the intruder and presents parts on outer layer

-From there decides if it wants anti-virus forces or bacteria forces (we will use bacteria in this example)

Question 19

What do Anit-bacterial cells do in the immune system?

Answer 19

-Anti bacterial cells move to lymp nodes

-Helper T cells are activated and find a match with the dendrtitic cells outer kayer parts, helper T cells then duplicate , some become memory T cells

Question 20

What do B cells do in the immune system?

Answer 20

• Replicate rapdily and work hard to fight agaisnt bacteria
• Die from exhsuation
• B cells produce anti-bodies which bind to the surface of the intruder

Question 21

What is E.coli

Answer 21

• There are harmless strains that are found in our guts

-Harmful strains can cause infections, serious urinary probelms which can be caused by food poisoing

Question 22

What is Shigella dysenteriae?

Answer 22

• Stomach ache
• High contaigous

-fever,cramps, diarrehea

Question 23

What are the two ways bacteria can reproduce?

Answer 23

Sexually and asexually

Question 24

Where does bacteria thrive most?

Answer 24

Moist enviroments

Question 25

Binary Fissions

Answer 25

- When a cell repoduces asexually - One parent is involved -off-spring is identical ro parents and each other

Question 26

Advantages of Binary fission?

Answer 26

-Simple: Only one parent needd -Off-spring is fully formed (no maturation needed) -Very fast

Question 27

Disadvantages of Binary Fissions?

Answer 27

-no genetic variety (DNA is identical to parent) -one unfavourable environmental condition can wipe out whole population

Question 28

What are the steps to binary fission?

Answer 28

-Bacteria chromosome is attached to plasma - Replication starts in 2 directions from some point in the bacteria chromosome -DNA copy is attached at a membrane site near the attachment site of the DNA molecule -New membrane and new wall material added transversly through cells midsection -The ongoing oderly deposition of the membrane and wall at the midsection cuts in two

Question 29

Sexual reproduction

Answer 29

-Two parents involved -offspring are gentically different to each other

Question 30

Advantages of Sexual reproduction

Answer 30

- Gentic variety i.e. some are able to adapt to unfavorbale condtions (ex:anti-biotic resistance)

Question 31

Disadvantages of Sexual reproduction

Answer 31

1. More complex: slower because must find a compatible partner 2. No new individuals produced (i.e no increases in population)

Question 32

Explain steps to bacterial conjugation

Answer 32

-First you start of a donor cell (F+) and a recipent cell (F-) -Plasmid copies itself -Passes through pili (created by donor with cytoplasma) into the recipent cell -Cells seperate with both cells containg plasmids

Question 33

Can bacterial conjugation occur between different speices of cells?

Answer 33

Yes (Can work with same and different speices of cells.)

Question 34

Factors that affect bacteria growth

Answer 34

-Temperature -Nuitrents -Oxygen availabilty -Salt concentration -pH

Question 35

Ways the classify bacteria

Answer 35

1) if they cause disease 2) gram positive or gram negative 3) shape 4) configuration 5) oxygen requirements 6) nutrition

Question 36

1) if they cause disease

Answer 36

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic

Question 37

2) Gram Positive

Answer 37

-stain purple -Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (protein)

Question 38

2) Gram Negative

Answer 38

-stain pink -cell wall does not contain peptidoglyca

Question 39

3) Shape

Answer 39

-Coccus -Bacillus -Spirilla

Question 40

4) Configuration

Answer 40

after division, many bacteria stay together in groups called colonies -Diplo -Strepto -Staphilo

Question 41

5.) oxygen requirements

Answer 41

aerobes -need lots of O2 -anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of O2

Question 42

6) Nutrition

Answer 42

-can be autotrophic, heterotrophic, photosynthetic or chemosynthetic