LESSON 1: A1- Nutrition

Question 1

nutrient

Answer 1

a chemical that must be
obtained by an organism from its
environment in order to survive; nutrients
provide the raw material for growth and
repair and may be a source of energy

Question 2

What do nuitrents need to go through in order to be used?

Answer 2

• Broken down into simpler molecules and are used to build and replace cells

Question 3

What do nuitrents help with?

Answer 3

Building and reparing tissue

Question 4

All organzism require ____________ to preform basic life functions

Answer 4

Chemical energy

Question 5

Factors that affect energy requirements

Answer 5

• Body size
  -Physcial acitivity
  -Sex
  -Age
  -Heridetary factor

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

the set of chemical reactions
that occur in living organisms that are
necessary to maintain life

Question 7

catabolism

Answer 7

• a part of the metabolism
  -the metabolic reactions
  that break down larger molecules into
  smaller subunits

Question 8

anabolism

Answer 8

• a part of the metabolism
• m the metabolic reactions that
  use energy to produce larger molecules
  from smaller subunits

Question 9

metabolic rate

Answer 9

the rate at which the
body converts stored energy into
working energy

Question 10

What unit is energy measured in?

Answer 10

Joules

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

the main source of energy for the human body

Question 12

Carbohydrate
molecules are made up of

Answer 12

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 13

three main types
of carbohydrates

Answer 13

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 14

monosaccharides

Answer 14

-basic carbohydrates (also known as simple sugars)

-ring-shaped structures consisting of a single sugar molecule.

Question 15

Gulcose and fructose are examples of what?

Answer 15

monosaccharides

Question 16

What is gulcose used for?

Answer 16

Glucose is used during cellular respiration to provide the energy
needed for cellular processes and physical activity

Question 17

polysaccharides

Answer 17

Many simple sugar molecules can join together to form large carbohydrates called
polysaccharides

-Polysaccharides are also referred to as complex carbohydrates; a
single polysaccharide molecule may consist of hundreds of joined simple sugars.

Question 18

Starches and cellulose are

Answer 18

polysaccharides made and stored in plants

Question 19

Disaccharides

Answer 19

-made up of two simple sugars joined together

Question 20

Sugars such as
lactose (milk sugar) and sucrose (table sugar) are examples of

Answer 20

disaccharides

Question 21

Plants use the carbohydrates
they produce for…

Answer 21

energy and to create complex molecules

Question 22

A healthy diet is generally considered to be one in which carbohydrates provide at least…

Answer 22

55 % of a person’s energy needs

Question 23

Complex carbohydrates, such as starches, must be broken down into…

Answer 23

simple sugars, such as glucose, before the body can use them

Question 24

Where are carbohydrates stored in the human body?

Answer 24

in the liver and muscle tissues in the form of glycogen

Question 25

What happens when the maximum amount of glycogen is stored?

Answer 25

, excess carbohydrates can be converted to lipids and stored as body fat. When energy is needed, glycogen is converted back into usable glucose.

Question 26

hormone

Answer 26

a chemical signal or messenger molecule, circulated through the body and used to coordinate cellular functions

Question 27

Functions of protiens

Answer 27

-control of chemical reactions -movement -transporting oxygen -structure -hormones (chemical messengers) -defence -source of energy

Question 28

Proteins

Answer 28

key building blocks of cells and perform a wide range of functions. They are important structural molecules, are involved in all metabolic activities, and are used to generate motion.

Question 29

What is the most complex nutirents?

Answer 29

Protiens

Question 30

Some protiens are hormones?

Answer 30

TRUE -Some proteins serve as hormones—chemical messengers released by cells in the body that influence cellular activity in another part of the body

Question 31

Proteins are made up of...

Answer 31

long chains of smaller molecules called amino acids and are highly variable in size and shape

Question 32

How many amnio acids that makes up all protiens?

Answer 32

20

Question 33

How many of those amnio acids can your body produce?

Answer 33

12

Question 34

How many of those amnio acids does do you need to get from an outside source?

Answer 34

8 - They are called essential amnio acids

Question 35

sources of protein

Answer 35

Animal sources: -meat, eggs, fish, and cheese plant sources: -beans, lentils, seeds, and nuts

Question 36

True or false: most plant proteins lack at least one essential amino acid.

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE: 20% OF YOUR ENEGERY INTAKE SHOULD COME FROM YOU ENERGY INTAKE OF PROTIEN

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Lipids

Answer 38

provide a concentrated source of chemical energy for the body

Question 39

What do lipids aid with?

Answer 39

help in the absorption of vitamins,

Question 39

How are lipids helpful

Answer 39

-are a main component of cell membranes, and serve as insulation for the body. -Certain hormones, including sex hormones, are lipids

Question 40

What are two types of lipids

Answer 40

Fats and oils

Question 41

Fats and oils are made up of

Answer 41

three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule, which make up a triglyceride.

Question 42

triglyceride

Answer 42

a lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids that are bonded together

Question 43

Triglycerides can be either...

Answer 43

saturated or unsaturated, depending on the structure of their fatty acid chains.

Question 44

Fatty acids

Answer 44

contain long chains of carbon and hydrogen atom

Question 45

Unsaturated triglycerides (unsaturated fats)

Answer 45

are called oils, and they are usually liquid at room temperature. -fish oils and plants are examples -better for you

Question 46

Saturated fats

Answer 46

usually solid at room temperature -. Meat and butter are common sources of saturated fats.

Question 47

essential fatty acids

Answer 47

they cannot be produced in the body and must be obtained from the diet. - I.e, omega 3

Question 48

Steriods

Answer 48

-A special group of lipids -includes the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen, and cholesterol.

Question 49

Sex hormones

Answer 49

control the development of male and female sex characteristics.

Question 50

What happens when you have too many lipids

Answer 50

- disease such as heart disease

Question 51

Catagories of lipds

Answer 51

-Triglycerides -Phospholipds -Steroids

Question 52

Triglycerides

Answer 52

- insoluble in water (hydrophobic) -Fats and oils -fats are used by animals -To be a Triglycerides 3 seperate fatty acids have to bond with glycerole molecules

Question 53

What 2 types of subnuit molecules does Triglycerides have

Answer 53

-glyerol -fatty acids

Question 54

Fatty acids in Triglycerides

Answer 54

3 main parts: -hyrdocarbon chain - methly group Can be saturated or unsaturated -Transfat is a unstaurated fatty acid

Question 55

Phospholipds

Answer 55

- Contain glycerol and 2 fatty acids that is attached to the 3rd carbon glycerol - Phosphate head is hydrophllic (water loving) -Fatty acid tail is hydrophobioc

Question 56

Steriods

Answer 56

- Composed of 4 fused rings of carbon - cholestorl, estrogen, vitamin D are examples

Question 57

Water

Answer 57

- required in cell cytoplasm -requires water for chemical reactions,,to digest food, and to eliminate waste products.

Question 58

What does water help with

Answer 58

-Water is also necessary to maintain your blood volume, to regulate body temperature, and to keep your skin moist

Question 59

Vitamins

Answer 59

an organic molecule that the body requires in small amounts as an essential nutrient

Question 60

TRUE OF FALSE: Vitamins are either fat soluble or water soluble

Answer 60

TRUE

Question 61

Which vitammins do not disolve in water and are fat soluble

Answer 61

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 62

Which vitamins are produced by our bodies?

Answer 62

Vitamins A, D, K

Question 63

What makes up vitamins A

Answer 63

Beat-carotine

Question 64

How is vitamin D obtained?

Answer 64

The sun

Question 65

How is vitamin K made

Answer 65

made by special bacteria found in large intestine

Question 66

mineral

Answer 66

an element, such as calcium or phosophorus, required by the body in small amounts; plays a role in cell processes and repair