Flatworms Flashcards
1
Q
Flatworm phylum is
A
Platyhelminthes
2
Q
What body does a flatworm have??
A
A flat body
3
Q
Triploblastic
A
3 layers of tissue
4
Q
Ectoderm
A
Epidermis
5
Q
Mesoderm
A
Parenchyma
6
Q
Endoderm
A
Gastrodermis
7
Q
What kind of symmetry does a flatworm have?
A
Bilateral symmetry
8
Q
Digestive
A
Incomplete, one body opening mouth, pharynx, intestine
9
Q
Excretory
A
Flame cells- rid of waste and water
10
Q
What does the flame cells do?
A
Get rid of waste and excess water
11
Q
Nervous system
A
Exhibit cephalization
12
Q
Cephalization
A
Important organs grow near one’s head aka eyes
13
Q
Ladder type nervous system
A
Two lateral nerves connected by a series of transverse nerves
14
Q
Ocelli
A
Eyespots, detect light
15
Q
Statocysts
A
Detect position, balance
16
Q
Rheoreceptors
A
Detect water current
17
Q
How are flatworms sexually reproductive?
A
Monoecious (female and male gamete’s)
18
Q
How do flatworms reproduce asexually?
A
Fission, regeneration
19
Q
What is one example of class turbellaria?
A
Planaria
20
Q
What is the only free living flatworms?
A
Planaria
21
Q
Auricles are where?
A
On either side of the head
Near Statocysts, rheoreceptors, chemoreceptors
22
Q
Chemoreceptors
A
Detect chemicals such as food
23
Q
Rhabdites
A
Cells that secrete mucus for locomotion
24
Q
What do flatworms eat?
A
They are mainly carnivorous
25
How can Planaria reproduce?
Monoecious, fission, regeneration
26
Class trematoda
Fluke
27
What are trematodes?
Parasites
28
Penetration glands
Some way to get into the body
29
Organs of adhesion
Suckers, hooks, a way to hang on
30
Cyst
Producing glands
31
Producing glands
For protection either inside the host body or until it can invade a host
32
Flukes and trematodes
Greatly increased reproductive capabilities ( a few actually survive)
33
Intermediate host
Usually invertebrate animal, infected by larval form of parasite
34
Definitive/ final host
Usually vertebrae animal, where parasite matures and reproduces
35
What are two examples of class trematoda?
Liver fluke and blood fluke
36
Liver fluke means of infection
Eating raw fish/ infected sushi
37
Liver fluke intermediate host
Snail-(cervariae)[tadpole shaped larval]
Fish
38
Liver fluke definitive host
Human, cat, dog, bird
39
Liver fluke symptoms
Abdominal discomfort
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
40
Liver fluke how to avoid
Cook fish thoroughly
41
Blood fluke means of infection
Swimming where ducks gather
42
Blood fluke intermediate host
Snail
Cercariae
43
Blood fluke definitive host
Human or duck
44
Blood fluke symptoms
Itchy
Red skin
Dermatitis
45
Blood fluke how to avoid
Do not feed the ducks
46
What class is Planaria?
Turbellaria
47
What class is gross parasites liver and blood fluke?
Trematoda
48
What class is gross and parasite tapeworms?
Cestoda
49
Are cestodos/ tapeworms parasites?
Yes and they have a long body
50
Proglottids
Body segments, each monoecious
51
Scolex
Organ of attachment, head, has suckers and hooks
52
What type of digestive track does a tapeworm have?
It has no digestive system of its own because it is a parasite
53
Step one of beef tapeworm life cycle
Shelled larvae shed feces
54
Step two of beef tapeworm life cycle
Cow eats grass contaminated with eggs
55
Step three of beef tapeworm life cycle
Worms form cysts in cow’s muscle
56
Step four of beef tapeworm life cycle
Human eats raw/ undercooked beef
57
Step five of beef tapeworm life cycle
Worm becomes active, matures, and attaches in intestine where it feeds off hosts digested food
58
Phylum nematodes
Roundworms
59
What body shape and symmetry do roundworms have?
Round/cylindrical bodies
Bilateral symmetry
60
Roundworm digestive system
Alimentary canal
61
Alimentary canal
Two body openings
Mouth at the anterior end
Food passes through a series of organs
Waste releases from anus at the posterior end
62
Roundworms are covered with what?
Cuticle
63
Cuticle
No living covering made of tough collagen protein
64
What type of skeleton does a roundworm have?
Hydrostatic skeleton
65
What is the nerves in roundworms?
Ganglia and two nerve cords
Dorsal and ventral
66
How do roundworms reproduce?
They are dioecious ( separate sexes)
67
Roundworms are?
Free living
And some are parasitic
68
Ascaris infection of roundworms
1-juveniles are ingested dirty hands or unwashed vegetation
2- hatch in intestine travel through blood to lungs
3- break out into alveoli(air sacs) of lungs
4-move up through trachea to pharynx, swallowed
5- travel to intestine, mature feed and reproduce there too
69
What are the hosts of ascaris?
Vertebrares
Pigs
Dogs
Humans
70
What are the symptoms of ascaris?
Pneumonia and intentional blockage
71
How does one avoid ascaris?
Wash hands and vegetation
72
How do you get hookworm?
1- shelled embryos in fecal infested soil
2- young hatch and feed on bacteria in soil
3- burrow into skin of bare feet usually through small cut
4- travel through blood to lungs up trachea and swallow
5- mature feed reproduce in intestine
73
What hosts hookworm?
Humans
74
What are the symptoms of hookworm
Anemia
Can cause mental and physical retardation in young children
75
How does one prevent hookworm?
Wear shoes
76
How do you get trichina?
1- eat meat containing the live juveniles
2- mature and reproduce in intestinal wall, young travel through blood
3- young found throughout body- burrow in skeletal muscles
77
Hosts of trichina?
Pigs=intermediate
Humans= definitive
78
What are the symptoms of trichina?
Trichinosis
Vomiting
Diharreah
79
How to prevent trichina?
Cool pork well
80
How to get pinworm?
1- eggs are swallowed so small they are in the air
2- adults live in large intestine
3- females migrate to anus at night - lays eggs causes itchy anus
4- scratch itch- eggs in hands- sheets are infected
81
Host of pinworm?
Humans
82
Symptoms of pinworm
Itchy anus
83
Prevention of pinworms
Do not scratch and wash sheets
84
How to get filarías worms?
1- juveniles are vectors transmitted by flies or mosquitoes
2- obstruct the lymphatic system, causes backup or pooling of lymph fluid which results in swelling and dead tissues
85
Hosts of filarial worms
Humans
Dogs
86
Symptoms of filarial worms
Elephantiasis for humans
Heart worm for dogs
87
How to prevent filarial worms
Avoid contact if possible and take medication
88
Phylum annelida
Segmented worms
89
Segmented worms are- three basic characteristics?
Segmented
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic
90
Coelomates
Coelomes divided by partitions by septa
91
What type of digestive system do segmented worms have?
Complex organ systems
Digestive
Circulatory (closed)
92
Setae
Aid in locomotion
93
Hemoglobin
Red color
94
Nephridia
Excretory organs
95
In segmented worms where does gas exchange through?
The epidermis
96
Segmented worms are all?
Hermaphroditic
97
Segmented worms sexually produce by?
Cross fertilization
98
How do segmented worms reproduce asexually?
Regeneration
99
There are over how many kinds of segmented worms?
15,000
100
Class oligochaeta
Earthworms
101
Earthworms
Extract nutrients from soil
Beneficial to farming, enrich and aerate soil
102
Class polychaeta
Claw worm/ lugworm
103
Clawworm/ lugworm
Similar to earthworm(oligochaeta)
Mostly marine
Parapodia
Aid in gas exchange and locomotion
104
Parapodia
Paddle ridge, like extensions on segments
Aid in gas exchange and locomotion
105
Class hirudinea
Leeches
106
Leeches
Mostly freshwater/ moist terrestrial environment
Feed on small invertebrates
Can be parasitic
Medical value, treating bruising, pharmaceuticals
