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Zoologu > Phylum Chordata > Flashcards

Phylum Chordata Flashcards

1
Q

Notochord

A

Dorsal
Flexible support rod

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2
Q

What is replaced by vertebrae?

A

Notochord

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3
Q

Dorsal tubular nerve cord(neutral tube)

A

Enlarged at anterior end to form brain

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4
Q

Pharyngeal pouches/slits

A

Usually present only during early embryonic development

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5
Q

Pharyngeal pouches in aquatic species?

A

Gills

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6
Q

Pharyngeal pouches in terrestrial species?

A

Lungs

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7
Q

Endostyle

A

Secretes mucus that traps food particles

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8
Q

In some chordates what can develop into a thyroid gland?

A

Endostyle

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9
Q

Postanal tail

A

Muscular, balance and locomotion
Vestigial

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10
Q

Vestigial

A

Once served purpose but no longer does so greatly reduced or absent

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11
Q

Subphylum urochordata ex

A

Tunicates
Sea squirts

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12
Q

Subphylum cephalochordata ex

A

Lancelets
Amphioxus

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13
Q

Subphylum vertebrata ex

A

Agnathanus, fish, sharks, tetrapods

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14
Q

What does urochordata look like?

A

Jellyfish kind of/ coral

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15
Q

What does cephalochordata look like?

A

Worm

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16
Q

Urochordata facts

A

Shows chordate hallmarks only during early stages of development
Marine
Adults are sessile and show no hallmarks

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17
Q

Cephalochordata facts

A

Marine
Sandy, coastal waters
Translucent
Laterally compressed
Shows all chordate hallmarks in adult form

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18
Q

Vertebrata has what four adaptations for success?

A

Living endoskeleton
Muscular pharynx and efficient respiration
Advanced nervous system
Paired limbs

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19
Q

Living endoskeleton

A

Grows with animal so does not limit size

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20
Q

Notochord replaced by vertebrae

A

Better support and protection

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21
Q

Muscular pharynx and efficient respiration

A

Allows increased circulation
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey

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22
Q

What was the pharynx modified into?

A

Muscular tube for feeding and pumping water

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23
Q

An increased in circulation means

A

Higher metabolism

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24
Q

Advanced nervous system

A

Highly specialized sense organs
Complex brain
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey

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25
Q

Paired limbs

A

Paired pectoral and pelvic appendages
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey

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26
Q

Three fun facts about fish

A

Aquatic
Gil breathing
Ectothermic

27
Q

Superclass Agnatha

A

Jawless fish
No paired jaws
No scales
No paired fins
Tube shaped body
Cartilage endoskeleton
Open gill apertures

28
Q

Do Agnatha have vertebrae?

A

No, they have a notochord instead

29
Q

What is are some examples of Agnatha?

A

Hagfish
Lamprey

30
Q

Hagfish

A

Marine only
Por eye sight
Scavengers
Monoecious

31
Q

What does poor eye sight mean?

A

Keen touch and smell

32
Q

Lamprey(eel)

A

Marine and freshwater
Sucker like mouth
Circular rows of teeth
Dioecious
Parasitic and free living

33
Q

How long can a lamprey remain in larval form?

A

3-20 years

34
Q

Stage one of lamprey

A

Eggs

35
Q

Stage two of lamprey

A

Leptocephali

36
Q

Stage three of lamprey

A

Glass eels

37
Q

Stage four of lamprey

A

Elvers

38
Q

Stage five of lamprey

A

Yellow eels

39
Q

Stage six of lamprey

A

Silver eels

40
Q

What stage do lamprey reproduce

A

Last stage at silver eels

41
Q

When and where do lamprey die

A

In ocean after reproducing as silver eels

42
Q

Catadromous

A

Spawn in the ocean

43
Q

Freshwater eels are declining because

A

Water pollution
Parasites
Climate change

44
Q

Class chondrichthyes

A

Cartilage fish and endoskeleton

45
Q

What characteristics do cartilage fish have?

A

Well developed senses of smell and taste
Paired jaws and fins
Open gill slits
Lateral line system

46
Q

Lateral line system

A

Fluid filled receptors sensitive to vibrations sense changes in water currents

47
Q

Subclass elasmobranchii

A

Sharks and rays

48
Q

What kind of mouth do sharks and rays have?

A

Ventral mouth

49
Q

Placoid scales

A

Dentarles in sharks and rays

50
Q

Spiracles in sharks and rays

A

Behind their eyes
Pore respiration

51
Q

Ampullae organs of Lorenzini in sharks and rays

A

Found around the eyes and nostrils
Sense electrical fields
Used to find prey

52
Q

Heterocercal tail

A

Vertebral column extends into dorsal caudal fin

53
Q

What is the dorsal causal fin larger than?

A

The ventral cuadral fin

54
Q

Size of skate

A

12-8 inches

55
Q

Size of manta ray

A

18-29 inches

56
Q

Appearance of skate

A

Flat
Flat pectoral fins
No venomous spines on tail
Spiracle next to eye

57
Q

Appearance of manta ray

A

Large
Flat diamond
Triangular pectoral fins
2 cephalic fins

58
Q

Skate habitat

A

Bottom dwelling
Warm temp to tropical

59
Q

Manta ray habitat

A

Worldwide in tropical
Subtropical temperate

60
Q

Skate eats what

A

Mainly carnivorous
Crabs and worms

61
Q

Manta ray eats what?

A

Filter feeders
Zooplankton, shrimp, krill

62
Q

Skate reproduction

A

Oviparous
Lay eggs
Egg case = pewter mermaids purse

63
Q

Manta ray reproduction

A

Viviparous
Live birth

Zoologu (10 decks)

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