Flight Operations

Question 1

(Refer to figure 48.) What is the difference between area A and area E on the airport depicted?

Answer 1

‘A’ may be used for taxi and takeoff; ‘E’ may be used only as an overrun.
The symbol at “B” indicates a displaced threshold. The portion of the runway preceding this symbol marked “A” can be used for taxi & takeoff but not for landing. The portion of the runway at “E” with chevrons indicates an overrun area only.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 2

(Refer to figure 64.) Which marking indicates a vehicle lane?

Answer 2

C.
Vehicle Roadway Markings are a white solid line to delineate each edge of the roadway and a dashed line to separate lanes within the edges of the roadway. Can also be zipper markings to delineate the edges of the roadway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 3

(Refer to figure 50.) The traffic patterns indicated in the segmented circle have been arranged to avoid flights over an area to the

Answer 3

southeast of the airport.
The segmented circle indicates that the traffic patterns are designed to keep the air traffic to the north and to the west of the area. There would be no traffic over the southeast section.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 4

When executing an emergency approach to land in a single-engine airplane, it is important to maintain a constant glide speed because variations in glide speed will

Answer 4

nullify all attempts at accuracy in judgment of gliding distance and landing spot.
It becomes more difficult to judge your touchdown point if there is a constant variation in glide speed.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 9

Question 5

(Refer to figure 50.) Which runway and traffic pattern should be used as indicated by the wind cone in the segmented circle?

Answer 5

Left-hand traffic on Runway 36.
The large end of the wind cone shows the direction from which the wind is blowing, approximately from the northwest. This favors either runway 36 or 27. Runway 36 has a left-hand traffic pattern as indicated by the segmented circle.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 6

When should pilots decline a land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?

Answer 6

When it will compromise safety.
Pilots are expected to decline a LAHSO clearance if they determine it will compromise safety.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 7

An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 360°:

“TRAFFIC 10 O’CLOCK, 2 MILES, SOUTHBOUND…”
Where should the pilot look for this traffic?

Answer 7

Northwest.
When traffic is radar identified, the controller will tell the pilot the location of the traffic in terms of the 12 hour clock. For an aircraft on a 360° heading, the 10 o’clock position is to his left front quarter, or northwest.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 8

Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as

Answer 8

hyperventilation.
Hyperventilation occurs when the pilot abnormally increases the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs. Any stressful situation can be a cause of hyperventilation.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 9

(Refer to Figure 49) Runways 18 and 36 have displaced thresholds. What do the three arrows represent between the beginning of the runway and displaced threshold?

Answer 9

The area with the arrows cannot be used for landing, but may be used for taxiing and takeoff.
The portion of runway behind a displaced threshold is available for takeoffs in either direction and landings from the opposite direction.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Lengthy Explanation:
A ten feet wide white threshold bar is located across the width of the runway at the displaced threshold. White arrows are located along the centerline in the area between the beginning of the runway and displaced threshold. White arrow heads are located across the width of the runway just prior to the threshold bar

Question 10

The ‘No Entry’ sign identifies

Answer 10

paved area where aircraft entry is prohibited.
A no entry sign prohibits an aircraft from entering an area.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 11

If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to

Answer 11

rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.
The best way to overcome spatial disorientation during flight in restricted visibility is to rely on the aircraft’s instruments.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 12

A military air station can be identified by a rotating beacon that emits

Answer 12

two quick, white flashes between green flashes.
Military airport beacons flash alternately white and green, but are differentiated from civil beacons by dualpeaked (two quick) white flashes between the green flashes.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 13

The numbers 8 and 26 on the approach ends of the runway indicate that the runway is orientated approximately

Answer 13

080° and 260° magnetic.
Runway numbers and letters are determined from the approach direction and the numbers are the whole number nearest one-tenth the magnetic azimuth of the centerline.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 14

How can a military airport be identified at night?

Answer 14

Dual peaked (two quick) white flashes between green flashes.
Military airport beacons flash alternately white and green, but are differentiated from civil beacons by dual peaked (two quick) white flashes between the green flashes.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 15

A pilot and two passengers landed on a 2,100 foot east-west gravel strip with an elevation of 1,800 feet. The temperature is warmer than expected and after computing the density altitude it is determined the takeoff distance over a 50 foot obstacle is 1,980 feet. The airplane is 75 pounds under gross weight. What would be the best choice?

Answer 15

Wait until the temperature decreases, and recalculate the takeoff performance.
The available runway is 2,100’. Due to the increase in temperature, the distance to clear a 50’ obstacle is 1,980’, a margin of only 120’. For safety, it would be better to wait until the temperature decreases and then determine takeoff distance.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 11

Question 16

(Refer to figure 76 and figure 77.) You are approaching Pierre Regional airport from the southwest. The winds are reported from 240 at 12 knots. Which runway and traffic pattern entry would you use?

Answer 16

Left traffic for runway 25.
If not otherwise stated, traffic patterns are left turns. The winds are favoring runway 25 since they are out of 240.

Chart Supplement
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 7

Question 17

(Refer to figure 47.) VASI lights as shown by illustration C indicate that the airplane is

Answer 17

above the glide slope.
On a 2-bar VASI, white over white, as shown in illustration C, indicates that the aircraft is above the glide slope.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 18

Who has final authority to accept or decline any land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?

Answer 18

Pilot in command.
The pilot-in-command has the final authority to accept or decline any land and hold short clearance.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 19

When making a night approach to land, you should use:

Answer 19

The same approach as during daytime.
At night there is a natural tendency to fly a lower than-normal approach. A wide runway can produce the illusion of being too low with a tendency to fly a higher-than normal approach. Determine to fly the approach the same as you would during the day.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 20

Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is

Answer 20

developing lift.
Wingtip vortices are produced when a wing generates lift, creating a differential in pressure between the top and bottom of the wing. This pressure differential results in swirling air masses trailing downstream from the wing tips.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3

Question 21

When squawking the VFR code (1200) on your transponder, what is the minimum mode the transponder must be in?

Answer 21

Mode A.
The basic transponder is classified as Mode A. If you have Mode C it is best to use it because it substantially increases the capability of surveillance systems to see your aircraft.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 4

Question 22

How should an aircraft preflight inspection be accomplished for the first flight of the day?

Answer 22

Thorough and systematic means recommended by the manufacturer.
The preflight inspection should be a thorough and systematic means by which the pilot determines that the airplane is ready for safe flight.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 7

Question 23

Susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as

Answer 23

altitude increases.
As altitude increases, the oxygen pressure decreases. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry. The effect of these conditions is cumulative and will reduce the amount of oxygen to the pilot’s brain.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 24

What can you expect in the line of services from a Flight Service Station (FSS)?

Answer 24

Assistance during an emergency.
Flight Service Stations (FSSs) are air traffic facilities which provide, among other things, pilot briefings, flight plan processing, en route flight advisories, search and rescue services, and assistance to lost aircraft and aircraft in emergency situations.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 4

Question 25

(Refer to figure 66.) While practicing S-turns, a consistently smaller half-circle is made on one side of the road than on the other, and this turn is not completed before crossing the road or reference line. This would most likely occur in turn

Answer 25

4-5-6 because the bank is increased too rapidly during the early part of the turn.
With the wind shown, a steep bank at point 4 will cause the aircraft to be pushed toward the road and inscribe a smaller half circle than the 1-2-3 half circle. The bank should be shallow at point 4 and gradually increased as the turn progresses.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 7

Question 26

If faced with an emergency where Air Traffic Control (ATC) assistance is desired and not already in contact, which frequency can be used to establish communications?

Answer 26

121.5 MHz.
Emergency frequencies are 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz. There is also an emergency frequency guarded by the U.S. Coast Guard on 2182 kHz.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 6-3

Question 27

What ATC facility should the pilot contact to receive a special VFR departure clearance in Class D airspace?

Answer 27

Air Traffic Control Tower.
Requests for SVFR clearances should be to the associated control tower within Class D airspace.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-4

Question 28

Where is the ‘Available Landing Distance’ (ALD) data published for an airport that utilizes Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)?

Answer 28

Special Notices section of the Airport Facility Directory (A/FD).
Available Landing Distance (ALD) data are published in the special notices section of the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) and in the U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications (TPP).
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 29

A pilot who allows himself to get behind the aircraft, can cause:

Answer 29

A loss of situational awareness.
Getting behind the aircraft—This pitfall can be caused by allowing events or the situation to control pilot actions. A constant state of surprise at what happens next may be exhibited when the pilot is getting behind the aircraft.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 30

ATC advises, “traffic 2 o`clock.” This advisory is relative to your:

Answer 30

ground track.
The controller can see the track of an aircraft over the ground and so issues radar traffic information accordingly. The pilot must correct for any wind correction he or she is holding to be able to look in the correct direction.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 31

The correct method of stating 4,500 feet MSL to ATC is

Answer 31

‘FOUR THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED.’
For reporting altitudes and flight levels, say each number followed by thousand or hundred, as in 12,000, one two thousand or 12,500, one two thousand five hundred.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-2

Question 32

The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during nighttime hours is to use

Answer 32

peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing offcenter viewing.
A scanning procedure to permit off-center viewing of objects is more effective at night. This is due to the fact that the light sensitive nerve cells known as “rods” are distributed around the cone cells within the eye. The rods allow night vision.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 33

What should you do to determine that your emergency locator transmitter (ELT) hasn’t been activated?

Answer 33

Monitor 121.5 before engine shutdown.
Monitor 121.5 MHz and/or 243.0 MHz before engine shut down at the end of each flight.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 6

Question 34

Inbound to an airport with no tower, FSS, or UNICOM in operation, a pilot should self-announce on MULTICOM frequency

Answer 34

10 miles out.
The pilot should self-announce on the MULTICOM frequency 10 miles out, entering downwind, base, and final, and leaving the runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 35

The lack of sufficient oxygen to the body resulting in impairment is:

Answer 35

Hypoxia.
Hypoxia means “reduced oxygen” or “not enough oxygen.” Although any tissue will die if deprived of oxygen long enough, the greatest concern regarding hypoxia during flight is lack of oxygen to the brain, since it is particularly vulnerable to oxygen deprivation.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 36

The most important rule to remember in the event of a power failure after becoming airborne is to

Answer 36

immediately establish the proper gliding attitude and airspeed.
When a complete power loss occurs in flight in a single-engine airplane, the pilot must maintain control, stabilize the airplane in best glide attitude, and follow the engine failure checklist. Priority one is to fly the airplane.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 18

Question 37

The most important rule to remember in the event of a power failure after becoming airborne is to

Answer 37

immediately establish the proper gliding attitude and airspeed.
When a complete power loss occurs in flight in a single-engine airplane, the pilot must maintain control, stabilize the airplane in best glide attitude, and follow the engine failure checklist. Priority one is to fly the airplane.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 18

Question 38

When operating under VFR below 18,000 feet MSL, unless otherwise authorized, what transponder code should be selected?

Answer 38

1200.
Unless otherwise instructed by an ATC facility, adjust the transponder to reply on Mode 3/A Code 1200 regardless of altitude.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 39

A pilot experiencing the effects of hyperventilation should be able to restore the proper carbon dioxide level in the body by

Answer 39

slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud.
Hyperventilation is the excessive rate and depth of breathing, leading to abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the blood. Slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud helps to overcome hyperventilation.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 40

The person who relies on memory for recurring tasks often neglects:

Answer 40

Checklists.
Neglect of flight planning, preflight inspections, and checklists—A pilot may rely on short- and long-term memory, regular flying skills, and familiar routes instead of established procedures and published checklists. This can be particularly true of experienced pilots.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 41

How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft?

Answer 41

There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft.
Any aircraft that appears to have no relative motion and stays in one scan quadrant is likely to be on a collision course. Also, if a target shows no lateral or vertical motion, but increases in size, take evasive action.
Pilot’s Role in Collision Avoidance (AC 90-48)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 42

(Refer to figure 49.) If the wind is as shown by the landing direction indicator, the pilot should land on

Answer 42

Runway 18 and expect a crosswind from the right.
The tetrahedron indicates either runway 22 or 18 for landing. Runway 22 has X’s on it indicating that it is closed and cannot be used. Runway 18 with a right crosswind is the preferred landing runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 43

When flying the crosswind leg of a rectangular course the airplane must be:

Answer 43

Crabbed into the wind.
To compensate for the crosswind, the pilot must angle into the wind, toward the outside of the rectangular course, which requires the turn to be less than 90°.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 7

Question 44

In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

Answer 44

Recognizing hazardous thoughts.
Problems arise when hazardous attitudes occur regularly and/or to an extreme. Learning to recognize these hazardous attitudes is the first step in neutralizing them.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 45

A colorless, odorless, and tasteless substance, produced by a combustion engine, is called:

Answer 45

Carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas contained in exhaust fumes. When breathed even in minute quantities over a period of time, it can significantly reduce the ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 46

If you feel that your thoughts are leading to a hazardous situation you should:

Answer 46

Label that thought as hazardous, then correct that thought by stating the corresponding learned antidote.
Recognition of hazardous thoughts is the first step toward neutralizing them. After recognizing a thought as hazardous, the pilot should label it as hazardous, then state the corresponding antidote.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 4

Question 47

What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?

Answer 47

Scan slowly to permit offcenter viewing.
A scanning procedure to permit off-center viewing of objects is more effective at night. This is due to the fact that the light sensitive nerve cells known as “rods” are distributed around the cone cells within the eye. The rods allow night vision.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 48

(Refer to figure 49.) Select the proper traffic pattern and runway for landing.

Answer 48

Right-hand traffic and Runway 18.
The tetrahedron indicates either runway 22 or 18 for landing. Runway 22 has X’s on it indicating that it is closed and cannot be used. Runway 18 with right-hand traffic is the preferred landing runway.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 49

The numbers 35 and 17 on a runway indicate that the runway is oriented approximately:

Answer 49

350°; and 170°; magnetic heading.
Runway numbers and letters are determined from the approach direction. The runway number is the whole number nearest one-tenth the magnetic azimuth of the centerline of the runway, measured clockwise from the magnetic north.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 50

(Refer to figure 47.) Illustration A indicates that the aircraft is

Answer 50

on the glide slope.
On a 2-bar VASI, red over white, as shown in illustration A, indicates that the aircraft is on the glide slope.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 51

When exiting the runway, what is the purpose of the runway exit sign?

Answer 51

Indicates designation and direction of exit taxiway from runway.
A runway exit sign defines the direction and designation of the exit taxiway from the runway.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Appendix C

Question 52

Most midair collision accidents occur during

Answer 52

clear days.
Statistics indicate that the majority of midair collisions and near midair collisions occur in good weather and during daylight hours. This is when more aircraft are flying and pilots may be lulled into a sense of complacency.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Role in Collision Avoidance (AC 90-48)

Question 53

The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during daylight hours is to use

Answer 53

a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector.
Use a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Each movement should not exceed 10° and each area should be observed for at least 1 second to enable detection.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 54

A slightly high glide slope indication from a precision approach path indicator is

Answer 54

three white lights and one red light.
On the 4-light Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI), a slightly high indication shows three white lights and one red light.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 55

What often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground/obstacles when flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?

Answer 55

Continual flight into instrument conditions.
A pilot must be aware of certain behavioral traps. Continuing VFR into instrument conditions often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground / obstacles.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 56

Basic radar service in the terminal radar program is best described as

Answer 56

safety alerts, traffic advisories, and limited vectoring to VFR aircraft.
In addition to the use of radar for the control of IFR aircraft, all commissioned radar facilities provide basic radar services for VFR aircraft such as safety alerts, traffic advisories, & limited radar vectoring (on a workload permitting basis).
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 57

How would you describe a holding position sign?

Answer 57

White inscriptions on red background.
Holding position signs have a red background with a white inscription.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 58

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as ‘Macho’?

Answer 58

Taking chances is foolish.
Pilots who are always trying to prove that they are better than anyone else are thinking “I can do it - I’ll show them.” The antidote for this macho attitude is to say, “Taking chances is foolish.”
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 59

A near midair collision is defined as an incident associated with the operation of an aircraft in which a possibility of collision occurs as a result of coming less than what distance from another aircraft?

Answer 59

500 feet
According to the FAA, a near midair collision is defined as an incident associated with the operation of an aircraft in which a possibility of collision occurs as a result of proximity of less than 500 feet to another aircraft, or a report is received from a pilot or a flight crew member stating that a collision hazard existed between two or more aircraft.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 7-7

Question 60

What tool does crew resource management provide to flight crews?

Answer 60

The ability to recognize hazards and mitigate risks.
In the mid-1970s, airlines started to employ Crew Resource Management (CRM) in the workplace (flight deck). The program helped crews recognize hazards and provided tools for them to eliminate the hazard or minimize its impact.
Risk Management Handbook Ch. 1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 61

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as ‘Impulsivity’?

Answer 61

Not so fast, think first.
Impulsivity is the attitude of people who frequently feel the need to do something immediately. They do not stop to think. The antidote is to say, “Not so fast. Think first.”
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 62

(Refer to Figure 64.) On the airport diagram, which symbol indicates holding position markings for taxiway/taxiway intersections?

Answer 62

E.
Holding position markings for taxiway/taxiway intersections consist of a single dashed line extending across the width of the taxiway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 63

Which publication covers the procedures required for aircraft accident and incident reporting responsibilities for pilots?

Answer 63

NTSB Part 830.
The National Transportation and Safety Board part 830 contains notification and reporting of aircraft accidents or incidents, overdue aircraft, and preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and records.
NTSB 830

Question 64

When approaching taxiway holding lines from the side with the continuous lines, the pilot

Answer 64

should not cross the lines without ATC clearance.
When approaching a taxiway holding position marking (holding lines) from the side with the continuous lines, the pilot should not cross the marking without ATC clearance.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 65

If you have alcohol present in your blood what effect might you expect to occur?

Answer 65

Judgment and decision-making abilities are diminished.
As little as one ounce of liquor, one bottle of beer or four ounces of wine can impair flying skills, with the alcohol consumed in these drinks being detectable in the breath and blood for at least 3 hours.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 8

Question 66

The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) specifically encourages pilots to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, and especially when operating

Answer 66

in conditions of reduced visibility.
Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000’, day or night, especially when operating within 10 miles of any airport, in conditions of reduced visibility, and in areas where flocks of birds may be expected.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3-23

Question 67

(Refer to figure 48.) That portion of the runway identified by the letter A may be used for

Answer 67

taxiing and takeoff.
The symbol at letter B indicates there is a displaced threshold, and the section of runway preceding this at letter A may be used for taxi and takeoff but not for landing.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 68

(Refer to figure 26, area 5.) What is the CTAF/UNICOM frequency at Barnes County Airport?

Answer 68

122.8 MHz.
The CTAF / UNICOM frequency at Barnes CountyAirport, as shown on the sectional, is 122.8 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the magenta circle beside the frequency.
Sectional Legend
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 69

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as ‘Antiauthority’?

Answer 69

Follow the rules.
The antiauthority attitude is found in people who do not like anyone telling them what to do. The antidote is to say, “Follow the rules. They are usually right.”
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 70

The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by

Answer 70

having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs.
The best way to overcome spatial disorientation during flight in restricted visibility is to rely on the aircraft’s instruments.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 71

Some nontowered airports have a Remote Communications Outlet (RCO) enabling you to:

Answer 71

Contact ATC over the VOR.
Many FSSs are equipped with Remote Communications Outlets (RCOs) and can transmit on the same frequency at more than one location. The frequencies available at specific locations are indicated on charts above FSS communications boxes.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-2
PILOT_CONTROLLER_GLOSSARY_HREF

Question 72

(Refer to figure 22, area 2; and figure 31.) At Coeur D’Alene, which frequency should be used as a Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) to monitor airport traffic?

Answer 72

122.8 MHz.
The CTAF frequency at Coeur D’Alene, as shown on the sectional, is 122.8 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the magenta circle beside the frequency.
Sectional Legend

Question 73

What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?

Answer 73

Human error.
Human error is the one common factor in most preventable accidents. Often, the pilot was aware of the possible hazards when the decision he made led to the wrong course of action.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 74

Pre-takeoff briefing of passengers for a flight is the responsibility of

Answer 74

the pilot in command.
Before each takeoff, the pilot in command of an airplane carrying passengers shall ensure that all passengers have been orally briefed on the various matters of the flight.

Question 75

What is the minimum visibility for a pilot to receive a land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?

Answer 75

3 statute miles.
Pilots should only receive a LAHSO clearance when there is a minimum ceiling of 1,000’ and 3 statute miles visibility.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 76

As standard operating practice, all inbound traffic to an airport without a control tower should continuously monitor the appropriate facility from a distance of

Answer 76

10 miles.
Pilots of inbound aircraft should monitor and communicate on the appropriate CTAF from 10 miles out until landing at a non-towered airport.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 77

A lack of orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement of the aircraft in space is defined as

Answer 77

spatial disorientation.
Spatial disorientation specifically refers to the lack of orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement of the aircraft in space.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 78

When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which codes?

Answer 78

7500, 7600, 7700.
7500 is used by hijacked aircraft, 7600 is used by aircraft with a radio failure, & 7700 is used by aircraft in distress.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 6-4
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 6-3
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 79

Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if

Answer 79

visual cues are taken away, as they are in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
During flight in visual conditions, the eyes are the major orientation source and usually prevail over false sensations from other sensory systems. When these visual cues are taken away, as they are in IMC, false sensations can cause disorientation.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 80

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as ‘Resignation’?

Answer 80

I am not helpless.
Pilots who think “what’s the use?” do not see themselves as being able to make a great deal of difference in what happens to them. The antidote to this resignation attitude is to say, “I’m not helpless. I can make a difference.”
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 81

(Refer to figure 65.) From the cockpit, this marking next to letter G confirms the aircraft to be

Answer 81

on a runway, about to exit.
From the cockpit the pilot would see two dashed bars and a holding position line when exiting a runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 82

While approaching to land on Runway 17 at an uncontrolled airport, you spot a lake on the east side of the airport which has ripples in the water at the southeastern edge. How should you proceed?

Answer 82

Check the windsock on the airfield to make the correct determination with runway choice.
While the lake ripples may give you an idea of wind direction, it may not coincide with the wind direction on the field. It is always best to use the wind direction indicator directly on the field when determining the best runway to use.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 83

A lighted heliport may be identified by a

Answer 83

green, yellow, and white rotating beacon.
The beacon colors for a lighted heliport are green, yellow, and white. The total number of flashes is 30 to 45 per minute.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 84

A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by

Answer 84

slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud.
To control hyperventilation, the pilot must slow down the rate and depth of his breathing. This can be done by breathing in and out of a paper bag held over the nose and mouth, talking out loud, or any other method to slow down the breathing.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 85

While on a VFR cross country and not in contact with ATC, what frequency would you use in the event of an emergency?

Answer 85

121.5 MHz.
Emergency frequencies are 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz. There is also an emergency frequency guarded by the U.S. Coast Guard on 2182 kHz.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 6-3

Question 86

What is the purpose of the taxiway directional sign?

Answer 86

Indicates designation and direction of taxiway leading out of an intersection.
The inscription identifies the designation(s) of the intersecting taxiway(s) leading out of the intersection that a pilot would normally be expected to turn onto or hold short of.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 87

If you don’t maintain a constant glide speed in attempting to land in an emergency:

Answer 87

It is difficult to judge your gliding distance and landing spot.
A constant gliding speed is maintained because variations of gliding speed nullify all attempts at accuracy in judgment of gliding distance and the landing spot
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 9

Question 88

(Refer to Figure 64) Where on the airport is a representation of a taxi location sign?

Answer 88

F.
Location signs are used to identify either a taxiway or runway on which the aircraft is located. They are yellow numerals on a black background bordered by a yellow band. This sign signifies that you are on Taxiway Alpha.

Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 89

When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which code?

Answer 89

7500.
Code 7500 is the hijack code. It should be avoided unless needed in an emergency.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 90

(Refer to figure 50.) The segmented circle indicates that a landing on Runway 26 will be with a

Answer 90

right-quartering headwind.
The large end of the wind cone shows the direction from which the wind is blowing, approximately from the northwest. If an aircraft is landing on runway 26 (260°), the wind would be a right quartering headwind.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 91

You see a runway hold position marking on the taxiway. What does this marking indicate?

Answer 91

Holds aircraft short of the runway.
These markings identify the locations on a taxiway where an aircraft is supposed to stop when it does not have clearance to proceed onto the runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 92

Which lines should you cross when exiting the runway?

Answer 92

Both solid and striped lines.
Runway Holding Position Markings indicate where an aircraft is supposed to stop when approaching a runway. They consist of four yellow lines, two solid and two dashed, spaced six or twelve inches apart, and extending across the width of the taxiway or runway. The solid lines are always on the side where the aircraft is to hold. An aircraft exiting a runway is not clear of the runway until all parts of the aircraft have crossed the applicable holding position marking.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 93

What does a runway hold position sign indicate?

Answer 93

A runway hold position sign indicates an entrance to a runway from a taxiway.
This sign is located at the holding position on taxiways that intersect a runway or on runways that intersect other runways.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 94

Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?

Answer 94

The pilot.
Even though a pilot holds a medical certificate stating that the pilot meets the health requirements for a particular type of flight operation, the decision whether the pilot is fit to fly on a particular day is strictly the pilot’s.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 95

The ground reference maneuver, rectangular course, represents:

Answer 95

An airport traffic pattern.
The maneuver is accomplished to replicate the airport traffic pattern that an airplane typically maneuvers while landing.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 7

Question 96

Inbound to an airport with no tower, FSS, or UNICOM in operation, a pilot should self-announce on MULTICOM frequency

Answer 96

122.9.
The MULTICOM Frequency at a non-towered airport without an FSS or UNICOM is 122.9.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 97

What is the first step in a Decide Model?

Answer 97

Detect.
Problem detection is the first step in the decision-making process. It begins with recognizing a change occurred or an expected change did not occur.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 98

(Refer to Figure 21, area 3.) What UNICOM frequency would you use to contact Mercer Co. Regional (HZE)?

Answer 98

122.8 MHZ.
The Unicom frequency is the last frequency listed in Mercer Co. Regional’s information.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 4

Question 99

To set the high intensity runway lights on medium intensity, the pilot should click the microphone seven times, and then click it

Answer 99

five times within five seconds.
For high intensity runway light (HIRL) systems, 7 clicks of the microphone button establishes the high setting and 5 clicks establishes the medium setting. These clicks should be within a 5 second period of time.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 100

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) is the continuous broadcast of recorded information concerning

Answer 100

noncontrol information in selected high-activity terminal areas.
ATIS is the continuous broadcast of recorded noncontrol info in certain high activity terminal areas. It improves controller effectiveness and relieves frequency congestion by automating the repetitive transmission of essential but routine information.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 101

In flying an S-Turn, the greatest amount of crab occurs:

Answer 101

At the point where the airplane is directly crosswind.
When the airplane is directly crosswind, the pilot must control the wind correction angle throughout the turn by adding a crab into the wind. The crab is added by changing the rate of the turn with the bank angle.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 7

Question 102

When an air traffic controller issues radar traffic information in relation to the 12-hour clock, the reference the controller uses is the aircraft’s

Answer 102

ground track.
The controller can see the track of an aircraft over the ground and so issues radar traffic information accordingly. The pilot must correct for any crab he is holding to be able to look in the correct direction.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 103

When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to

Answer 103

sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.
Avoid the area below and behind the generating aircraft, especially at low altitude where even a momentary wake encounter could be hazardous.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3

Question 104

(Refer to figure 25, area 3.) If Dallas Executive Tower is not in operation, which frequency should be used as a Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) to monitor airport traffic?

Answer 104

127.25MHz.
The CTAF frequency at Dallas Executive is shown on the sectional, is 127.25 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the blue circle beside the frequency.
Sectional Legend

Question 105

If a pilot ignores fuel reserve requirements, the situation might be caused by:

Answer 105

Lack of flight planning.
Operating without adequate fuel reserves is an operational pitfall or behavioral trap into which a pilot may fall. It is generally the result of overconfidence, lack of flight planning, or disregarding applicable regulations.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 106

(Refer to figure 26, area 2.) What is the recommended communication procedure when inbound to land at Cooperstown Airport?

Answer 106

Broadcast intentions when 10 miles out on the CTAF/MULTICOM frequency, 122.9 MHz.
The CTAF / MULTICOM frequency At Cooperstown Airport, as shown on the sectional, is 122.9 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the magenta circle beside the frequency. The recommended inbound procedure is to contact the airport when 10 miles out.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 107

When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?

Answer 107

Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.
When landing behind a larger aircraft, stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path and note its touchdown point and land beyond it.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aviation Weather (AC 00-6) Ch. 9
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3

Question 108

Who should not participate in the Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) program?

Answer 108

Student pilots.
Student pilots and pilots not familiar with LAHSO should not participate in the program.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 109

When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying

Answer 109

above the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft’s touchdown point.
When landing behind a larger aircraft, stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path, note its touchdown point, and land beyond it.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3

Question 110

Why are you more susceptible to dehydration in hot summer flying conditions?

Answer 110

Dry air at altitude tends to increase the rate of water loss from the body.
Flying for long periods in hot summer temperatures or at high altitudes increases the susceptibility to dehydration because these conditions tend to increase the rate of water loss from the body.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 111

Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in

Answer 111

loss of muscular power.
Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body can result in vomiting, loss of muscular power, or coma.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 112

How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

Answer 112

Outward, upward, and around each tip.
The vortex circulation is outward, upward, and around the wingtips when viewed from either ahead or behind the aircraft.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3
Aviation Weather (AC 00-6) Ch. 9

Question 113

The correct method of stating 5,500 feet MSL to ATC is:

Answer 113

‘FIVE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED’.
For reporting altitudes and flight levels, say each number followed by thousand or hundred, as in 12,000, one two thousand or 12,500, one two thousand five hundred.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-2

Question 114

What is the purpose of the runway/runway hold position sign?

Answer 114

Denotes intersecting runways.
A runway/runway hold position sign is located at the holding position on runways that intersect other runways.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 115

A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as

Answer 115

spatial disorientation.
Spatial disorientation is a state of temporary confusion caused by a complexity of motions, forces, and visual scenes, resulting in illusions of motion and position.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 116

What can happen when a pilot experiences an illusion while approaching to land on a runway that is narrower than the typical runway width?

Answer 116

The pilot will fly a lower approach, with the risk of striking objects along the approach path or possibly landing short.
A narrower-than-usual runway can create an illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, especially when runway length-to-width relationships are comparable. The pilot who does not recognize this illusion will fly a lower approach, with the risk of striking objects along the approach path or landing short.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 117

A below glide slope indication from a pulsating approach slope indicator is a

Answer 117

pulsating red light.
A below glide slope indication from a pulsating approach slope indicator is a steady red if slightly below or a pulsating red if well below the glide path.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 118

When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which code?

Answer 118

7600.
Code 7600 is the radio failure code and could cause an alert on the controller’s screen.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 119

(Refer to figure 22, area 2; and figure 31.) At Coeur D’Alene, which frequency should be used as a Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) to self-announce position and intentions?

Answer 119

122.8 MHz.
The CTAF frequency at Coeur D’Alene, as shown on the sectional, is 122.8 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the magenta circle beside the frequency.
Sectional Legend

Question 120

What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?

Answer 120

All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance.
When a pilot is flying in haze and certain other view limiting situations, objects may appear farther away than they actually are.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 121

After landing at a tower-controlled airport, when should the pilot contact ground control?

Answer 121

When advised by the tower to do so.
A pilot who has just landed should not change from the tower frequency to the ground control frequency until directed to do so by the tower controller.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 122

The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is

Answer 122

heavy, clean, and slow.
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow. The strength of the vortex is governed by the airplane’s weight, speed, and shape of the wing.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 123

An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying north in a calm wind:

'’TRAFFIC 9 O’CLOCK, 2 MILES, SOUTHBOUND…’’
Where should the pilot look for this traffic?

Answer 123

West.
Direction of traffic is given to the pilot in terms of a 12 hour clock where the 12 o’clock position is directly in front of the pilot’s ground track. 9 o’clock would be directly left which is west on a heading of north.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 124

What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?

Answer 124

Avoid bright white lights at least 30 minutes before the flight.
For complete dark adaptation, the pilot should avoid exposure to light, other than red light, for at least 30 minutes.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 125

(Refer to figure 20, area 3.) What is the recommended communications procedure for a landing at Currituck County Airport?

Answer 125

Transmit intentions on 122.9 MHz when 10 miles out and give position reports in the traffic pattern.
For non-towered airports without an FSS or UNICOM such as Currituck County, self-announce on MULTICOM frequency of 122.9 MHz when 10 miles out and upon entering downwind, base, and final.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 126

An aircraft cabin should be preheated in cold weather operations to:

Answer 126

Ensure the instruments will not stick.
Cabin should be heated to ensure the instruments will not stick.
Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft (AC 91-13)

Question 127

(Refer to figure 22, area 2; and figure 31.) What is the correct UNICOM frequency to be used at Coeur D’Alene to request fuel?

Answer 127

122.8 MHz.
The CTAF / UNICOM frequency at Coeur D’Alene, as shown in the Chart Supplement and on the Sectional chart, is 122.8 MHz.
Chart Supplement Legend

Question 128

(Refer to figure 21, area 2.) The CTAF/MULTICOM frequency for Garrison Airport is

Answer 128

122.9 MHz.
The CTAF / MULTICOM frequency at Garrison Airport, as shown on the sectional, is 122.9 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the magenta circle beside the frequency.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 129

The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to

Answer 129

look to the side of the object and scan slowly.
A scanning procedure to permit off-center viewing of objects is more effective at night. This is due to the fact that the light sensitive nerve cells known as “rods” are distributed around the cone cells within the eye. The rods allow night vision.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 130

(Refer to figure 26, area 4.) The CTAF/UNICOM frequency at Jamestown Airport is

Answer 130

123.0 MHz.
The CTAF / UNICOM frequency at Jamestown Airport, as shown on the sectional, is 123.0 MHz. This is denoted by the “C” inside the magenta circle beside the frequency.
Sectional Legend

Question 131

(Refer to figure 50.) The segmented circle indicates that the airport traffic is

Answer 131

left-hand for Runway 36 and right-hand for Runway 18.
The segmented circle has left-hand traffic to runways 9 and 36 and right-hand traffic to runways 18 and 27.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 132

When flying HAWK N666CB, the proper phraseology for initial contact with McAlester AFSS is

Answer 132

‘MC ALESTER RADIO, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER.’
On initial contact, FSS is called “radio,” as in “New York Radio, Cessna Three One One Echo.”
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-2

Question 133

(Refer to figure 49.) The arrows that appear on the end of the north/south runway indicate that the area

Answer 133

cannot be used for landing, but may be used for taxiing and takeoff.
The white arrows along the center line prior to a displaced threshold, indicate a portion of the runway that can be used for taxi and takeoff but not for landing.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 134

Risk management, as part of the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?

Answer 134

Situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgment.
Risk management is the part of the decision making process which relies on situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 135

What does the outbound destination sign identify?

Answer 135

Identifies direction to take-off runways.
Outbound destination signs have a yellow background with a black inscription indicating directions to the takeoff runways. These signs have an arrow showing the direction of the taxi route to that destination.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 136

The destination airport has one runway, 08-26, and the wind is calm. The normal approach in calm wind is a left-hand pattern to runway 08. There is no other traffic at the airport. A thunderstorm about 6 miles west is beginning its mature stage, and rain is starting to reach the ground. The pilot decides to

Question 137

(Refer to Figure 49) In flying over the airport you notice the position of the tetrahedron and segmented circle. What runway and traffic pattern entry should you use?

Answer 137

Right-hand traffic and Runway 18.
Arranged in pairs in conjunction with landing strip indicators and used to indicate the direction of turns when there is a variation from the normal left traffic pattern.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 138

When should pilots state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff?

Answer 138

When departing from a runway intersection.
Pilots should state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff from a runway intersection.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 139

Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight-and-level flight?

Answer 139

Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.
Because the eye can focus only on a narrow viewing area, use a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 140

A pilot who tries to exhibit “the right stuff”, can affect safety by:

Answer 140

Generating tendencies that lead to practices that are dangerous, often illegal, and may lead to a mishap.
Pilots, particularly those with considerable experience, as a rule, always try to complete a flight as planned, please passengers, and meet schedules. These tendencies ultimately may bring about practices that are dangerous and often illegal, and may lead to a mishap.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 141

Which approach and landing objective is assured when the pilot remains on the proper glidepath of the VASI?

Answer 141

Safe obstruction clearance in the approach area.
The visual glide path of the VASI provides safe obstruction clearance within plus or minus 10 degrees of the extended runway centerline and to 4 NM from the runway threshold.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 142

During a night flight, you observe a steady red light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

Answer 142

The other aircraft is crossing to the left.
A steady red light is positioned on the left wing tip and a flashing red beacon light would be positioned such that it is visible in most directions. If these two lights are visible, the aircraft is crossing to the left.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 143

From whom should a departing VFR aircraft request radar traffic information during ground operations?

Answer 143

Ground control, on initial contact.
Pilots of departing VFR aircraft are encouraged to request radar traffic information by notifying ground control on initial contact with their request and proposed direction of flight.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 144

If Air Traffic Control advises that radar service is terminated when the pilot is departing Class C airspace, the transponder should be set to code

Answer 144

1200.
Unless otherwise instructed by an ATC facility, the transponder should be set to reply on Code 1200 when radar service is terminated.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 145

(Refer to Figure 65.) Looking at the airport diagram, which marking represents a Runway Safety Area / OFZ and Runway Approach Area Boundary?

Answer 145

G.
This sign has a yellow background with a black inscription with a graphic depicting the pavement holding position.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 146

(Refer to figure 62.) In flying the rectangular course, when would the aircraft be turned less than 90°?

Answer 146

Corners 1 and 4.
With the wind shown, aircraft #1 would turn less than 90° to set up a post-turn crab into the wind to maintain the proper ground track. Aircraft #4 is crabbed into the wind before its turn so it will not turn a full 90° on completion of its turn upwind.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 7

Question 147

For any flight, who is responsible for the pilot’s fitness to fly?

Answer 147

The pilot.
The PIC is responsible for the safety of a flight including determining personal physical and mental readiness to fly.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 148

What is one of the neglected items when a pilot relies on short and long term memory for repetitive tasks?

Answer 148

Checklists.
A pilot must be aware of certain behavioral traps. Unjustified reliance on his short and long term memory, regular flying skills, or repetitive and familiar routes, may cause him to neglect proper flight planning, preflight inspections, and checklists.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 149

If you are unsure whether a medication might prevent you from flying, contact:

Answer 149

An Aviation Medical Examiner.
If there is any doubt regarding the effects of any medication, consult an aviation medical examiner (AME) before flying.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 150

At a nontowered airport, what is the best way to proceed for departure?

Answer 150

Broadcast intentions prior to taxi and announcing runway of departure.
At a nontowered airport, before taxiing and before taxiing on the runway for departure, the pilot should monitor and communicate on the appropriate frequency.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 151

(Refer to figure 65.) The sign by letter E is a visual clue that

Answer 151

confirms the aircraft’s location to be on taxiway “B.”
The sign confirming your location on a taxiway has a black background with a yellow letter.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 152

What procedure is recommended when climbing or descending VFR on an airway?

Answer 152

Execute gentle banks, left and right for continuous visual scanning of the airspace.
During climbs and descents in flight conditions which permit visual detection of other traffic, pilots should execute gentle banks, left and right at a frequency which permits continuous visual scanning of the airspace about them.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-4

Question 153

Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?

Answer 153

Emotional tension, anxiety, or fear.
Hyperventilation occurs when the pilot abnormally increases the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs. Any stressful situation can be a cause of hyperventilation.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 154

You are on the ground and see a steady red light signal from the tower. What does it indicate?

Answer 154

Stop.
A steady red light signal indicates stop when your airplane is on the ground.
FAR 91.125

Question 155

If the aircraft’s radio fails, what is the recommended procedure when landing at a controlled airport?

Answer 155

Observe the traffic flow, enter the pattern, and look for a light signal from the tower.
If the transmitter and receiver are inoperative, determine the direction of traffic flow, join the pattern, and maintain visual contact with the tower.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-2

Question 156

You’re flying in Class C airspace and the controller says, “radar service is terminated”. What should the transponder be set to?

Answer 156

Code 1200.
Unless otherwise instructed by an ATC facility, adjust transponder to reply on Mode 3/A Code 1200 regardless of altitude.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 4

Question 157

(Refer to figure 48.) According to the airport diagram, which statement is true?

Answer 157

Takeoffs may be started at position A on Runway 12, and the landing portion of this runway begins at position B.
The symbol at letter B indicates there is a displaced threshold, and the section of runway preceding this at letter A this may be used for taxi and takeoff. The landing portion of the runway begins at letter B.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 158

The ‘yellow demarcation bar’ marking indicates

Answer 158

runway with a displaced threshold that precedes the runway.
A demarcation bar delineates a runway with a displaced threshold from a blast pad, stopway or taxiway that precedes the runway. A demarcation bar is 3’ wide and yellow, since it is not located on the runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 159

If instructed by ground control to taxi to Runway 9, the pilot may proceed

Answer 159

to the next intersecting runway where further clearance is required.
Pilots are required to hold short of all runways intersecting their route. Specific clearance is required to enter or cross all runways.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 160

(Refer to figure 65.) The sign next to letter F confirms your position on

Answer 160

runway 22.
On runway 22, the pilot would see a sign with black background and yellow numbers.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 161

Airport taxiway edge lights are identified at night by

Answer 161

blue omnidirectional lights.
Taxiway edge lights are used to outline the edges of taxiways during periods of darkness or restricted visibility conditions. These fixtures emit blue light in all directions.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1

Question 162

Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, and when operating within:

Answer 162

10 miles of any airport.
Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, especially when operating within 10 miles of any airport.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3

Question 163

Aeronautical Decision Making can be defined as:

Answer 163

Systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action for a given set of circumstances.
ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. It is what a pilot intends to do based on the latest information he or she has.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 164

If an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster

Answer 164

groundspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point.
In a downwind landing, the wind is pushing the aircraft from behind. In this case, the aircraft’s groundspeed and ground roll will be increased. An increase in groundspeed will make it more difficult to hit the touchdown point.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 9

Question 165

What is it often called when a pilot pushes his or her capabilities and the aircraft’s limits by trying to maintain visual contact with the terrain in low visibility and ceiling?

Answer 165

Scud running.
Scud running is pushing the capabilities of the pilot and the aircraft to the limits by trying to maintain visual contact with the terrain while trying to avoid physical contact with it.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)

Question 166

During a night flight, you observe a steady white light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

Answer 166

The other aircraft is flying away from you.
A steady white light is positioned on the tail facing rearward and a flashing red beacon light would be positioned such that it is visible in most directions. If these two lights are visible, the aircraft is flying away from you.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 167

Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to

Answer 167

sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.
Vortices from larger aircraft sink at a rate of several hundred feet per minute, slowing their descent and diminishing in strength with time and distance.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3

Question 168

During a night flight, you observe steady red and green lights ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

Answer 168

The other aircraft is approaching head-on.
Steady red and green lights are positioned on the left and right wings, respectively. These are generally visible from the front and respective sides of the aircraft. If both are visible, the aircraft is likely approaching head-on.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 169

Which of the substances below almost always negatively affect your flying performance?

Answer 169

Prescription analgesics.
Flying is almost always precluded while using prescription analgesics, such as drugs containing propoxyphene, oxycodone, meperidine, and codeine, since these drugs are known to cause side effects, such as mental confusion, dizziness, headaches, nausea, and vision problems.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 170

When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft

Answer 170

above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.
Vortices tend to sink and drift downwind. Remaining above and upwind of the heavy aircraft’s flight path is the best avoidance practice.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 171

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as ‘Invulnerability’?

Answer 171

It could happen to me.
Many people feel that accidents happen to others, but never to them. Pilots with an invulnerable attitude are more likely to take chances and increase risk. The antidote is to just say, “It could happen to me”.
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2

Question 172

The numbers 9 and 27 on a runway indicate that the runway is oriented approximately

Answer 172

090° and 270° magnetic.
Runway numbers and letters are determined from the approach direction and the numbers are the whole number nearest one-tenth the magnetic azimuth of the centerline.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 173

An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot during a local flight:

'’TRAFFIC 2 O’CLOCK, 5 MILES, NORTHBOUND…’’ Where should the pilot look for this traffic?

Answer 173

Between directly ahead and 90° to the right.
When traffic is radar identified, the controller will tell the pilot the location of the traffic in terms of the 12 hour clock. When the traffic is identified at the 2 o’clock position, the pilot looks between directly ahead and 90° to his right.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 174

When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which code?

Answer 174

7500.
Code 7500 is the hijack code. It should be avoided unless needed.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 175

Eye movements during daytime collision avoidance scanning should:

Answer 175

not exceed 10 degrees and view each sector at least 1 second.
Use a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Each movement should not exceed 10° and each area should be observed for at least 1 second to enable detection.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 176

What is the purpose of a runway hold position marking on a taxiway?

Answer 176

Identifies where aircraft hold short of the runway.
These markings identify the locations on a taxiway where an aircraft is supposed to stop when it does not have clearance to proceed onto the runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-3

Question 177

How should a VFR flight plan be closed at the completion of the flight at a controlled airport?

Answer 177

The pilot must close the flight plan with the nearest FSS or other FAA facility upon landing.
The pilot should close his flight plan with the nearest FSS, or if one is not available, request any ATC facility to relay the cancellation to the FSS.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 5-1

Question 178

A runway VASI system provides:

Answer 178

Visual descent information to the runway.
The VASI is a system of lights so arranged to provide visual descent guidance information during the approach to a runway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 179

Which of the following are true regarding a hangover caused by prior alcohol consumption?

Answer 179

Motor and mental response impairment is still present
While experiencing a hangover, a pilot is still under the influence of alcohol. Although a pilot may think he or she is functioning normally, motor and mental response impairment is still present.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17

Question 180

The correct method of stating 10,500 feet MSL to ATC is

Answer 180

‘ONE ZERO THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED.’
For reporting altitudes and flight levels, say each number followed by thousand or hundred, as in 12,000, one two thousand or 12,500, one two thousand five hundred.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-2

Question 181

Which statement best defines hypoxia?

Answer 181

A state of oxygen deficiency in the body.
Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair functions of the brain and other organs.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 17
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 182

The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a

Answer 182

light, quartering tailwind.
Pilots must be especially alert in calm wind or in a light tailwind situation. These cause the vortices to remain longer in the touchdown area or drift forward farther down into the touchdown area.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 7-3

Question 183

VFR approaches to land at night should be accomplished

Answer 183

the same as during daytime.
Every effort should be made to maintain the recommended airspeeds and execute the approach and landing in the same manner as during the day.
Airplane Flying Handbook Ch. 11

Question 184

Prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should

Answer 184

visually scan the entire area for collision avoidance.
The pilot can contribute to collision avoidance by being alert and scanning for other aircraft. Vigilance should be maintained and clearing turns should be made prior to a practice maneuver.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 185

What is the purpose of a taxiway ending marker?

Answer 185

Indicates taxiway does not continue.
Taxiway ending markers indicate the end of the taxiway.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2

Question 186

What would be a symptom of hyperventilation?

Answer 186

A feeling of suffocation and drowsiness.
As hyperventilation “blows off” excessive carbon dioxide from the body, a pilot can experience symptoms of lightheadedness, suffocation, drowsiness, tingling in the extremities, and coolness and react to them with even greater hyperventilation.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 8-1

Question 187

When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which code?

Answer 187

7500.
Code 7500 is the hijacked aircraft code and will cause an alert on the controller’s screen.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 188

(Refer to figure 47.) While on final approach to a runway equipped with a standard 2-bar VASI, the lights appear as shown by illustration D. This means that the aircraft is

Answer 188

below the glide slope.
On a 2-bar VASI, red over red, as shown in illustration D, indicates that the aircraft is below the glide slope.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2-1
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 189

Aircraft within 30 miles of a Class B primary airport from the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL must be equipped with:

Answer 189

An operable transponder having either Mode S or 4096-code capability with Mode C automatic altitude reporting capability, and ADS-B Out.
All aircraft within 30 nautical miles of an airport listed in appendix D, section 1 of this part from the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL, operating an aircraft equipped with an operable ATC transponder shall operate the transponder, including Mode C equipment if installed, and shall reply on the appropriate code or as assigned by ATC and have Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipment operating on the frequency of 978 MHz.
FAR 91.225
FAR 91.215

Question 190

When you are approaching a nontowered airport for landing:

Answer 190

You should call on their CTAF frequency for an airport advisory.
Pilots of inbound traffic should monitor and communicate as appropriate on the designated CTAF from 10 miles to landing. A CTAF is a frequency designated for the purpose of carrying out airport advisory practices while operating to or from an airport without an operating control tower. The CTAF may be a UNICOM, MULTICOM, or tower frequency and is identified in appropriate aeronautical publications.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 191

When activated, an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) transmits on

Answer 191

121.5 and 243.0 MHz.
ELTs operate on the frequencies of 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz for the older analog devices and 406 MHz for the newer digital devices.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 6-2

Question 192

The recommended entry position to an airport traffic pattern is

Answer 192

to enter 45° at the midpoint of the downwind leg at traffic pattern altitude.
Enter the downwind leg of the pattern in level flight at a 45° angle, abeam the midpoint of the runway at pattern altitude.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-3
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 14

Question 193

An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 090°:

‘TRAFFIC 3 O’CLOCK, 2 MILES, WESTBOUND…’
Where should the pilot look for this traffic?

Answer 193

South.
When traffic is radar identified, the controller will tell the pilot the location of the traffic in terms of the 12 hour clock. For an aircraft on a 090° heading, the 3 o’clock position is to his right, or south.
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 4-1

Question 194

Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?

Answer 194

Antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability.
Hazardous attitudes are: Antiauthority: Don’t tell me, Impulsivity: Do something quickly, Invulnerability: It won’t happen to me, Macho: I can do it, Resignation: What’s the use?
Aeronautical Decision Making (AC 60-22)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Ch. 2