Floatation and Flocculation

Question 1

This is a separation process commonly used in the mining and mineral processing
industries.

Answer 1

Flotation

Question 2

These cells provide the necessary environment for air bubbles to interact with
hydrophobic particles, causing them to rise to the surface for collection

Answer 2

Flotation Cells

Question 3

Do not use mechanical agitation but rely on the introduction of air under pressure

Answer 3

Pneumatic cells

Question 4

. Described as one of the early types of flotation cells used in the mineral processing
industry; it was oldest and simplest but is now practically obsolete.

Answer 4

Simple Callow flotation cell

Question 5

The size range of materials treated in floatation

Answer 5

from 20 mesh to below 200 mesh

Question 6

Particles that attract water

Answer 6

Hydrophilic

Question 7

Particles that repel water.

Answer 7

Hydrophobic

Question 8

This loss in _______ is a measure of the wettability of the solid phase by the air and
there- fore an indication of the floatability.

Answer 8

Energy

Question 9

In From Flotation, chemical agent added to cause ar adherence le called

Answer 9

Collectors

Question 10

Chemicals used to control the flotation environment and adjust the interaction
between collectors and the mineral surfaces.

Answer 10

Modifier

Question 11

This kind of methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC).

Answer 11

Alcohols

Question 12

Widely used for sulfide minerals such as copper, lead, and zinc. They form
a hydrophobic layer on the mineral surface

Answer 12

Xanthates

Question 13

Amine Compounds are used for ________ and oxide minerals.

Answer 13

Silicate

Question 14

Frothing Agents is specifically designed compounds like _______

Answer 14

Pine oil

Question 15

They ensure that air bubbles are evenly distributed and have sufficient stability to
carry the hydrophobic particles to the surface. Common frothers include:

Answer 15

Alcohol, Polyglycols and Frothing
agents

Question 16

Are substances that help produce a stable froth layer at the top of the flotation
cell

Answer 16

Frothers

Question 17

Modifiers are chemicals used to control the flotation environment and adjust the
interaction between collectors and the _________

Answer 17

Mineral Surface

Question 18

According to the report, what determines whether particles attach to air bubbles
and float in flotation?

Answer 18

None of the Above

Question 19

What is discharged as tailings in the flotation process

Answer 19

Depleted slurry

Question 20

In which application is flotation used to concentrate sulfide ores of copper, lead,
and zinc?

Answer 20

Mineral Processing

Question 21

What distinguishes a Jameson cell from a mechanical flotation cell?

Answer 21

It has a high-shear environment

Question 22

Flotation relies on the relative adsorption or __________ of solid surfaces by the
fluid, which is controlled by surface or interfacial energy, where interfacial tension
plays a critical role.

Answer 22

Wetting of Solid Surface by the fluid

Question 23

The effectiveness of flotation depends on the differences in the surface chemistry
of the materials to be separated

Answer 23

Surface Chemistry

Question 24

is fed to a flotation cell termed the rougher, where the first or rough separation by
flotation is made

Answer 24

Conditioner

Question 25

The other material which sinks in the water and is removed from the bottom is called ________ ?

Answer 25

Tailings

Question 26

The aggregation of particles to form larger clusters

Answer 26

Flocculation

Question 27

Destabilize particles by reducing its repulsive charges

Answer 27

Coagulation

Question 28

Chemical additives that cause suspended solids to form aggregates called flocs.

Answer 28

Flocculating agents

Question 29

Which of the following is a primary mechanism driving perikinetic flocculation?

Answer 29

Brownian Motion

Question 30

The person who developed the model for perikinetic flocculation, focusing on the diffusional flux of particles towards a stationary particle.

Answer 30

Von Smoluchowski

Question 31

This random movement that causes particles to come into contact with each other in perikinetic flocculation.

Answer 31

Brownian motion

Question 32

The movement of particles towards a central particle in a radial direction

Answer 32

Radial diffusion

Question 33

What is the significance of flocculation in water treatment, particularly in the context of contact flocculation- direct filtration, as emphasized in the report?

Answer 33

It facilitates the removal of suspended particles during filtration.

Question 34

What is the recommended design rate for reverse graded filters in direct filtration?

Answer 34

10 mh–1

Question 35

Which type of filter media configuration is NOT advised for normal direct filtration rates ranging from 10 to 18 m3 m–2 h–1?

Answer 35

Single-media sand filters

Question 36

Which stage of the filtration process involves various factors such as interception, settling, diffusion, and hydrodynamic forces?

Answer 36

Transport

Question 37

What is a significant advantage of direct filtration over conventional methods, as highlighted in the report?

Answer 37

Cost Reductions

Question 38

What is the primary disadvantage associated with direct filtration in terms of operational challenges?

Answer 38

shorter filter runs

Question 39

Which factor primarily contributes to the reduced operational and maintenance costs associated with direct filtration?

Answer 39

Minimal equipment required

Question 40

Which parameter is used to optimize filter operation in direct filtration systems according to the report?

Answer 40

Hydraulic head loss

Question 41

Which operational aspect of direct filtration is recommended, especially for waters with elevated iron concentrations or when polyelectrolytes are used, according to the report?

Answer 41

Implementing surface wash or air scour

Question 42

What process occurs when suspended particles adhere to the grain surfaces or existing deposits within the filter bed?

Answer 42

Attachment

Question 43

What is flocculation?

Answer 43

The aggregation of particles to form larger clusters

Question 44

What is the difference between flocculation and coagulation?

Answer 44

Coagulation destabilizes particles, while flocculation aggregates them into flocs.

Question 45

Flocculation uses _____ to form aggregates from suspended solids.

Answer 45

flocculating agents

Question 46

In water treatment, flocculation is used to remove _____.

Answer 46

Suspended sediments

Question 47

All are types of flocculants, except?

Answer 47

Monomeric Flocculants

Question 48

All are types of polymeric flocculants, except?

Answer 48

Ionic polymers

Question 49

In perikinetic flocculation, what is the role of Brownian motion?

Answer 49

It induces random movement leading to particle collisions

Question 50

In the context of perikinetic flocculation, What does the term 'radial diffusion' refer to?

Answer 50

The movement of particles towards a central particle in a radial direction