FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS FOR NURSING STUDENTS, CONDITION NAMES, CAUSE, TREATMENT LAB VALUUES, NURSING EDUCATION Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

What is the primary function of electrolytes in the body?

A

To regulate nerve and muscle function, hydrate the body, balance blood acidity and pressure, and help rebuild damaged tissue.

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2
Q

Name one common fluid imbalance disorder.

A

Dehydration.

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3
Q

What is the main cause of hyponatremia?

A

Low sodium levels in the blood, often due to excessive fluid intake or loss of sodium.

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4
Q

True or False: Hyperkalemia refers to low potassium levels in the blood.

A

False.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum sodium levels is _____ to _____ mEq/L.

A

135 to 145 mEq/L.

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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

Nausea, vomiting, confusion, muscle weakness, and fatigue.

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7
Q

What is the treatment for hypomagnesemia?

A

Oral or intravenous magnesium supplementation.

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8
Q

True or False: Fluid overload can lead to pulmonary edema.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is the primary treatment for dehydration?

A

Fluid replacement therapy.

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10
Q

Name a common cause of hypernatremia.

A

Excessive water loss, often due to dehydration.

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11
Q

What is the role of potassium in the body?

A

To help regulate heart function, muscle contractions, and nerve signals.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum potassium levels is _____ to _____ mEq/L.

A

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

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13
Q

What is a potential complication of untreated hypokalemia?

A

Arrhythmias or cardiac arrest.

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14
Q

True or False: Calcium plays a critical role in blood clotting.

A

True.

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15
Q

What is the nursing priority in managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

A

Monitoring vital signs and laboratory values.

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16
Q

What are common signs of dehydration?

A

Dry mouth, decreased urine output, and dizziness.

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17
Q

What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?

A

Administering calcium gluconate, insulin with glucose, or diuretics.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum calcium levels is _____ to _____ mg/dL.

A

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.

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19
Q

What is the primary cause of hypocalcemia?

A

Vitamin D deficiency or parathyroid hormone deficiency.

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20
Q

Name one sign of hypermagnesemia.

A

Muscle weakness.

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21
Q

True or False: Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the extracellular fluid.

A

True.

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22
Q

What is the significance of osmosis in fluid balance?

A

It regulates the movement of water across cell membranes.

23
Q

What is a common nursing intervention for patients with fluid overload?

A

Restricting fluid intake.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum chloride levels is _____ to _____ mEq/L.

A

98 to 106 mEq/L.

25
What are the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis?
Rapid breathing, confusion, and fatigue.
26
What is the main cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation.
27
True or False: Electrolyte imbalances can affect drug efficacy.
True.
28
What is the purpose of IV fluids in treating electrolyte disorders?
To restore normal fluid and electrolyte balance.
29
What is the nursing role in patient education regarding fluid and electrolyte balance?
Educating patients on dietary sources of electrolytes and signs of imbalances.
30
Name a common laboratory test used to assess electrolyte levels.
Basic metabolic panel (BMP).
31
What is the typical treatment for hyperphosphatemia?
Phosphate binders.
32
Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum phosphorus levels is _____ to _____ mg/dL.
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.
33
What are the signs of hypochloremia?
Muscle twitching, weakness, and respiratory distress.
34
True or False: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can lead to kidney dysfunction.
True.
35
What is the primary goal of treatment for fluid and electrolyte disorders?
To restore and maintain normal balance.
36
What role does the kidneys play in electrolyte balance?
They filter blood and regulate electrolyte levels through excretion and reabsorption.
37
What is the primary electrolyte affected in renal failure?
Potassium.
38
Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum bicarbonate levels is _____ to _____ mEq/L.
22 to 28 mEq/L.
39
What is the effect of dehydration on blood pressure?
It can cause hypotension.
40
Name a nursing consideration when administering IV fluids.
Monitor for signs of fluid overload.
41
What is the main sign of hypovolemia?
Decreased blood pressure.
42
True or False: Hypernatremia can occur from excessive sodium intake.
True.
43
What is a common symptom of hyperkalemia?
Palpitations or irregular heartbeat.
44
What is the nursing intervention for a patient with hypocalcemia?
Administer calcium supplements as prescribed.
45
Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum magnesium levels is _____ to _____ mEq/L.
1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L.
46
What is the effect of excessive fluid intake on electrolyte levels?
It can dilute electrolytes, causing imbalances.
47
Name a common cause of hypophosphatemia.
Malnutrition or refeeding syndrome.
48
What role do diuretics play in the treatment of fluid imbalances?
They help remove excess fluid from the body.
49
True or False: Patients with liver disease are at risk for fluid imbalances.
True.
50
What is the primary symptom of hypervolemia?
Swelling or edema.
51
What electrolyte is primarily lost through sweat?
Sodium.
52
What is the nursing responsibility when a patient is receiving potassium supplementation?
Monitor cardiac rhythm.
53
Fill in the blank: The term for low blood sodium is _____ and for high blood sodium is _____.
Hyponatremia; Hypernatremia.
54
What is the primary purpose of electrolyte replacement therapy?
To restore normal electrolyte levels in the body.