Fluid And Electrolytes

Question 1

Solute..?

Answer 1

Substances dissolved in a solution

Question 2

Two major fluid components ?

Answer 2

Intracellular ( ICF 28)

Extracellular ( ECF 14L)

Question 3

Four ECF compartments:

Answer 3

Intravascular

Interstitial

Lymph

Transcellular

Question 4

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 4

Substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water

Question 5

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 5

Power of solution to draw h20 through selectively permeable membrane

Higher solute concentration—> higher osmotic pressure

Expressed as either osmolality or osmolarity

Question 6

What is filtration pressure?

Answer 6

Pressure in compartment that results in movement of fluid and solutes

Question 7

What is filtration pressure made up of?

Answer 7

Hydrostatic pressure

Oncotic pressure

Question 8

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 8

A pressure exerted by fluid within a closed system on the walls of the container of which it is in

PUSH

Question 9

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 9

By proteins

PULL

Question 10

What is toxinity?

Answer 10

Refers to osmolarity of a solution

Question 11

What is isotonic?

Answer 11

Same osmolarity of body fluids

Question 12

What is hypertonic?

Answer 12

Higher osmolarity than body fluids

Question 13

What is hypotonic?

Answer 13

Lower osmolarity than body fluids

Question 14

Which body systems contribute to maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 14

Kidneys
Endocrine system
CV
Lungs
GI system
Hormones

Question 15

Fluid imbalances:

Answer 15

Hypovolemia

Hypervolemia

Dehydration

Overhydration

Question 16

What is osmolality determined by?

Answer 16

Determined by total solute concentration within a fluid compartment

Question 17

What is the biggest determinant of serum osmolarity?

Answer 17

Na+

Question 18

What determines osmolarity of ICF?

Answer 18

K+, glucose and Urea

Question 19

What does plasma proteins do?

Answer 19

Cause colloid or osmotic pressure

Question 20

Sodium

Functions and requirement?

Answer 20

135-145 mEq/L

Major ECF cation

Transmission of nerve impulses
Water balance

Question 21

Potassium

Functions and requirement?

Answer 21

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

Major ICF cation

Electrical conduction of nerve impulses 
Cell metabolism (glycogen and glucose)

Question 22

What is Active transport important for?

Answer 22

In maintaining differences in Na+ and K +

Question 23

Calcium

Functions and requirement?

Answer 23

8.5-10.5 mg/dl

Normal skeletal muscle, smooth and cardiac muscle contraction

Blood clotting

Question 24

Phosphate

Functions and requirement?

Answer 24

1.6-2.9 mEq/L

Forms bones and teeth
Metabolises carbs, protein and fat
Cellular metabolism ATO and DNA
Acid base balance
Regulates Ca levels

Question 25

Magnesium Functions and requirement?

Answer 25

1.5-2.5 mEq/L ``` Operating Na-K pump use of ATP Transmitting nerve impulses Regulates cardiac function Blood clotting Protein and DNA synthesis ```

Question 26

What are the factors affecting fluids?

Answer 26

Age: Thirst response Increased likelihood of heart diseases Risk of dehydration Gender/body size: Fat cells have no h20 Women have more fat=less body water

Question 27

Nursing management:

Answer 27

Output: urinary, can be totalled at the end of shift Labs: Electrolytes, FBC, osmolarity