Fluid + Electrolyte Disorders Flashcards
(75 cards)
Total Body Water (TBW) is distributed into:
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - 2/3 of TBW
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - 1/3 of TBW
- Transcellular
- Interstitial fluid (ISF)
- Intervascular fluid (IVF)
Intravascular Fluid of ECF
- the fluid in vessels and capillaries
- also called “plasma water”
Interstitial Fluid of ECF
- often called tissue space/fluid
- the fluid not inside vessels or cells
Transcellular Fluid of ECF
- isolated
- does NOT exchange easily with ISF or IVF spaces
What is Edema?
- palpable swelling due to the expansion of Interstitial Fluid Volume
- accumulation of excess fluid in ISF
Edema is caused by:
a disturbance in hydrostatic or osmotic pressure:
- increased capillary HYDROSTATIC pressure
- decreased capillary ONCOTIC pressure
- impaired lymphatic drainage
What is hydrostatic pressure?
the pressure required to push fluid OUT of vessels or capillaries
- out of IVF and into ISF
What is oncotic pressure? What is it directly correlated to?
- the pressure to SUCK fluid in
- helpful when dehydrated
- directly correlated to the amount of PROTEIN in the body
What is Starlings Law?
- official name for exchange of capillary fluid
- hydrostatic/oncotic exchange
Generalized vs. Dependent Edema
Generalized: fluid swelling all over body
Dependent: increased capillary pressure –> fluid accumulate in dependent body areas
- ex: ankles swollen from standing too long
Different ways to assess Edema
- touch using fingers - determine different stages
- weight gain
- measurement
How can increased capillary permeability cause Edema? What are some things that would cause increased capillary permeability?
increased capillary permeability can be caused by burns or localized inflammation
- damages outer layer of blood vessels
leads to loss of plasma proteins, which can cause:
- decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- higher tissue oncotic pressure
How does systemic decreased plasma protein production cause Edema?
less plasma protein –> decreased capillary oncotic pressure –> edema
capillaries don’t need to suck in as many proteins, which decreases overall pressure
How does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure cause edema?
as the ability to push fluid out of the capillaries increased, the fluid is pushed into the ISF
net movement/accumulation of fluid in ISF –> Edema
How does lymph vessel obstruction cause edema?
lymph system serves to move fluid out of the blood
- blockage –> no drainage –> accumulation of fluid inside ISF
- lymph vessels can’t absorb ISF, so more accumulates causing edema
What is Third Spacing?
- the movement of a large amount of bodily fluid FROM ECF –> INTO transcellular compartments inside serious cavities
- exchange of extracellular fluid between interstitial spaces, capillaries, and transcellular spaces of serious cavities
Where are serous cavities located and what are they closely linked with?
located in areas of continuous movement
- joints, bladder, etc.
closely linked with lymphatic drainage system
- blockages –> fluid buildup in serous cavities
Third space fluid contribute to ____ but not to ____ or _____
contribute to: body weight
not to: fluid reserve or function
Causes of third spacing:
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- severe liver failure
- 3rd degree burns
Volume Imbalance
Isotonic
- equal loss/gain of water and electrolytes (sodium)
Volume imbalances cause changes in:
mainly in ECF volume
osmolarity definition and types
relationship between molecules and water
hyperosmolar - more molecules, less water
hypoosmolar - less molecules, more water
Osmolarity Imbalance types
- hypertonic
- hypotonic
- unequal loss/gain of water and electrolytes
Osmolarity Imbalances causes changes in…
ICF volume
