Fluid Electrolytes ABG-2nd Review

Question 1

Weight gain is s/sx of what fluid_______?

Answer 1

Fluid excess

Question 2

Weight loss is s/sx of what fluid_______?

Answer 2

Fluid deficit

Question 3

Slow bounding pulse is s/sx of what fluid______?

Answer 3

Fluid excess

Question 4

Elevated BP is s/sx of what fluid ______?

Answer 4

Fluid excess

Question 5

Decreased Hematocrit is s/sx of what fluid______?

Answer 5

Fluid excess

Question 6

Decreased Serum Na is s/sx of what fluid _______?

Answer 6

Fluid excess

Question 7

Decreased urine specific gravity is s/sx of what fluid______?

Answer 7

Fluid excess

Question 8

Increase urine volume is s/sx of what fluid ____?

Answer 8

Fluid excess

Question 9

Rapid, weak, thready pulse is s/sx of what fluid______?

Answer 9

Fluid deficit

Question 10

Low, orthostatic hypotension is s/sx of what fluid_____?

Answer 10

Fluid deficit

Question 11

Increased Hematocrit

Answer 11

Fluid deficit

Question 12

Increased Serum Na

Answer 12

Fluid deficit

Question 13

Increase urine specific gravity

Answer 13

Fluid deficit

Question 14

Decreased urine volume

Answer 14

Fluid deficit

Question 15

Localized swelling (feet, hands, periorbital area, ascites)

Answer 15

Fluid excess

Question 16

Pale, gray, or red skin color

Answer 16

Fluid excess

Question 17

Lethargy possible seizures

Answer 17

Fluid excess

Question 18

Pulmonary congestion, cough, rales

Answer 18

Fluid excess

Question 19

Sunken eyes, soft

Answer 19

Fluid deficit

Question 20

Decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes

Answer 20

Fluid deficit

Question 21

Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, possible stupor

Answer 21

Fluid deficit

Question 22

Increased body temperature

Answer 22

Fluid deficit

Question 23

What is the normal range of Potassium

Answer 23

3.5-5 meq/L

Question 24

Bananas, citrus fruits, raisins, lentils, cantaloupe, strawberries, and tablets are sources for?

Answer 24

Potassium

Question 25

Function: Regulation of intercellular fluid, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction. Has the biggest effect on the heart.

Answer 25

Potassium

Question 26

Dysthymia Muscle weakness, fatigue Nausea, anorexia, paresthesia, polyuria, nocturia s/sx of?

Answer 26

hypokalemia

Question 27

Diarrhea, malnutrition, drug/hormone (diuretics, glucocorticoids, aldosterone, insulin) causes

Answer 27

hypokalemia

Question 28

``` Dysrhythmia/arrest muscle weakness, fatigue, paralysis Nausea, diarrhea Paresthesia Oliguria s/sx of? ```

Answer 28

hyperkalemia

Question 29

Renal failure | Drugs/hormones (low aldosterone, K-sparring diuretics), third spacing (crush/burn injuries)

Answer 29

hyperkalemia

Question 30

What is the normal range of Calcium?

Answer 30

9-10.5 mg/dL

Question 31

Sources of food: dairy,dark leafy (kale, okra, spinach), dried beans, fish with bones

Answer 31

Calcium

Question 32

Function: bone/teeth strength, nerve membrane stability, muscle contraction, metabolic processes (blood clotting)

Answer 32

Calcium

Question 33

Who is calcium's BFF?

Answer 33

Vitamin D, they go everywhere togeether. Without Vitamin D calcium is useless.

Question 34

Who does calcium have an inverse relationship with?

Answer 34

Phosphorus, when calcium is high phosphorus is low.

Question 35

stabilizes the sodium channels inside neurons which help prevent random depolarization, when there is too much of it, the sodium channels can't open and the neuron cant depolarizes and fire.

Answer 35

Calcium

Question 36

two signs of hypocalcemia that NCLEX love to test.

Answer 36

positive Trosseaus sign- blood pressure cuff is inflated for a prolonged period of time (3-5 minutes) which irritates the nerves.Since the nerves and muscles were already hyperstimulated from the lack of calcium, the hand and fingers will twitch and flex. positive Chvosteks sign-tap over the facial nerve. with hypocalcemia, the neurons are over stimulated causing muscle-twitches in the face when they are tapped.

Question 37

``` s/sx Skeletal muscle excitation (spasm, twiching) Positive Chvostek Positive Trousseaus sign cramps; tingling fingers Cardiac muscle weakness (arrhythmias, hypotension) confusion, irritability hyperactive DTR ```

Answer 37

Hypocalcemia

Question 38

``` Causes of what? hypoparathydroidism Malabsorption syndrome decrease serum albumin Alkalosis ```

Answer 38

Hypocalcemia

Question 39

``` s/sx Generalized weakness (anorexia, nausea, constipation, lethargy, bone pain, fractures) Polyuria Thirst Kidney stones Prolonged/strong cardiac contraction arrhythmias, hypertension ```

Answer 39

Hypercalcemia

Question 40

``` Causes of what? Hyperparathyroidism Bone cancer Immobility Excessive intake of milk/antacids ```

Answer 40

Hypercalcemia

Question 41

Sources: dietary, processed/canned foods, salted nuts

Answer 41

sodium

Question 42

Function: fluid regulation, nerve conduction, muscle contraction

Answer 42

sodium

Question 43

The normal level of sodium is

Answer 43

135-145 meq/L

Question 44

``` Anorexia Nausea Muscle cramps Abdominal cramps Fatigue Lethargy Muscle weakness Headache Confusion Seizures (brain swelling) hypotension ```

Answer 44

hyponatremia

Question 45

``` Excessive loss (sweating, diarrhea, vomiting; use of some diuretics, low salt diet, hormonal imbalance, renal failure) ```

Answer 45

hyponatremia

Question 46

``` S/sx Thirst, dry sticky tongue Weakness, lethargy, agitation Increased body temperature Flushed skin and increase urine output ```

Answer 46

hypernatremia

Question 47

``` Causes: Excessive intake Watery loss (diarrhea, loss of thirst mechanism prolonged period of respiration ```

Answer 47

hypernatremia

Question 48

What is the normal level of magnesium?

Answer 48

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Question 49

Sources such as green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains

Answer 49

Magnesium

Question 50

Regulates the parathyroid hormone release (PTH) | and inhibit neurons and muscles

Answer 50

Magnesium | inhibits release of PTH therefore release of calcium is also reduced.

Question 51

``` S/sx Tremors Insomnia Personality change Increased heart rate Arrythmias Increased DTR ```

Answer 51

Hypomagnesemia

Question 52

``` Causes Overuse of diuretics DKA Hyperparathyroidism Hyperaldosteronism ```

Answer 52

hypomagnesemia

Question 53

``` s/sx Depressed neuromuscular function Decreased DTR Lethargy Cardiac Arrythmias ```

Answer 53

hypermagnesemia

Question 54

Causes | Renal failure

Answer 54

hypermagnesemia