Inflammation/Immunity

Question 1

type of WBC, most plentiful, phagocytosis of microorganism. First responder

Answer 1

neutrophil

Question 2

type of disease-fighting WBC (parasitic infection, allergic reaction, or cancer)

Answer 2

eosinophil

Question 3

type of WBC, produced in bone marrow, if low could be due to severe allergic reactions, release of histamine leading to inflmmations

Answer 3

basophil

Question 4

type of WBC, produced in bone marrow, phagocytosis-eat everything

Answer 4

monocytes

Question 5

WBC, produced in bone marrow, found in blood and lymph tissue

Answer 5

lymphocytes

Question 6

active in cell mediated immune; fights against infection

Answer 6

T lymphocytes

Question 7

produces antibodies; book of knowledge

Answer 7

B lymphocytes

Question 8

locate and eat bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite, born from monocytes

Answer 8

macrophage

Question 9

immune cells of myeloid linage and present in connective tissues immediate inflammatory response such as hypersensitivity and allergic reaction

Answer 9

mast cells

Question 10

promotes stimulation of nerve receptors at site and increase pain

Answer 10

bradykinin inflammatory mediator

Question 11

promotes stimulation of nerve receptors at site and increase pain; initiate fevers

Answer 11

prostaglandin inflammatory mediator

Question 12

increase capillary permeability-vasodilation, histamine, serotine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Answer 12

chemical mediators

Question 13

store multiple inflammatory molecules interact with leukocytes and support their interaction. they do not remove debris and dead cells

Answer 13

platelets

Question 14

Injury
Vasoconstriction
Mast cells degranulation releasing chemical mediators
Vasodilation
Bottleneck of blood
Increased capillary permeability-allowing blood components to move into the interstitial space (including fluid and WBC’s to start the cleanup process and continues the inflammatory response)
Edema-due to excess fluid in the interstitial compartment

Answer 14

Steps of inflammation

Question 15

most common, fight infection, passive immunity for fetus

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

first responder, incompatibility reaction to blood

Answer 16

IgM

Question 17

tears and saliva, protection for newborns via colostrum

Answer 17

IgA

Question 18

response to allergens, release histamine and trigger inflammtion

Answer 18

IgE

Question 19

activate B-cells

Answer 19

IgD

Question 20

Defend against bacteria

Activated with IgG or IgM antibodies

Answer 20

complement systems

Question 21

process of acquiring an immunity-primary response

Answer 21

i. person is first exposed to antigent
ii. antigen recognized and processed
iii. development of antibodies is initiatiate (1-2 weeks)

Question 22

process of acquiring an immunity-secondary response

Answer 22

i. second or repeated exposure to antigent

ii. rapid and results in increased level of antibody

Question 23

i. pathogens enter body and cause illness
ii. antibodies form in host
iii. memory
iv. person has chicken pox once

Answer 23

active natural immunity

Question 24

i. vaccine is injected into person
ii. no illness
iii. antibodies form
iv. memory
v. person had measles vaccine and gains immunity

Answer 24

active artificial immunity

Question 25

i. antibodies pass directly from mother to child to provide temporary protection ii. No memory iii. Pacental passage during pregnancy or ingestion of breast milk

Answer 25

natural passive immunity

Question 26

i. antibodies injected into person (antiserum ) to provide temporary protection or minimize severity of infection ii. No memory iii. Gammaglobulin if recent exposure to microbe

Answer 26

articial passive immunity

Question 27

a. begins with exposure to allergen and develops IgE antibodies from B lymphocytes b. antibodies attach to mast cells creating sensitized mast cells ex. hay fever, anaphylaxis effect-immediate inflammation and pruritus

Answer 27

Type 1 allergic reaction

Question 28

a. example of ABO blood incompatibility b. mechanism- IgG or IgM reacts with antigen on cell. complement activated c. effects: cell lysis and phagocytosis

Answer 28

Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Question 29

``` examples: a. autoimmune disorders: SLE and glomerulonephritis b. mechanism i.antigen-antibody complex deposits in tissue ii. complement activated effects i. inflammation ii. vasculitis ```

Answer 29

Type III immune Complex

Question 30

``` examples a. contact dermatitis b. transplant rejection mechanism a. antigen bind to t-lymphocyte b. sensitized lymphocyte release lymphokines effects a. delayed inflammation usually more than 24 hours ```

Answer 30

Type IV cell-mediated or delayed

Question 31

``` I.Compromised or lack of immune response II. Causes a. primary- basic developmental failure in system b. secondary-or acquired, loss of immune response resulting from a specific cause Risk a. increased risk for cancer b. opportunistic infections c. AIDS ```

Answer 31

Immunodeficieny

Question 32

spread to distant sites by blood or lymphatic channels

Answer 32

metastasis

Question 33

classification process; describe the degree of metastasis and involvement of lymph nodes

Answer 33

staging

Question 34

degree of differentiation of malignant cells

Answer 34

grading