Fluid Therapy Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Phases of fluid therapy?

A

1) Resuscitation Phase
2) Replacement Phase
3) Maintenance Phase

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2
Q

Resuscitation phase:

A
  • Aimed at restoring of vascular volume in an effort to reverse Hypovolemia &/or Shock rate
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3
Q

What is the Shock Dose?

A
Crystalloids 
Isotonic 
Dog : 80-90 ml/kg
Cats: 40-60 ml/kg
Hypertonic
Dog: 5ml/kg
Cat: 3ml/kg 

Synthetic Colloid
Dogs: 20-30 ml/kg
Cats: 10-15 ml/kg

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4
Q

Replacement Phase:

A

Involves correction of dehydration, replacement of ongoing losses, & provisions of maintenance fluid requirements.

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5
Q

What is the dose for replacement fluid?

A

Dogs: 132BW (Kg) (3/4)
Cats: 80
BW (Kg) (3/4)

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6
Q

Maintenance Phase:

A

For pts that present w/out dehydration or ongoing losses & are unwilling or unable to drink adequately on their own.

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7
Q

Maintenance Fluid Rate:

A

Crystalloids 60 ml/kg/day
Colloids:
Hetastarch 20ml/kg/day
Vetastarch 50ml/kg/day

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8
Q

What routes for fluid therapy administration are used:

A
  • IV (Intravenous)
  • SQ/SC (subcutaneous)
  • IO (Intraosseous, Intramedullary)
  • Enteral (via nasogastric tube) - more common in Lg animal.
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9
Q

What are signs of Hypokalemia (Low Potassium Levels) ?

A
  • Polyuria (PU) - Increased Urinating
  • Polydipsia (PD) - Increased Thirst
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Cardiovascular Signs (ventricular & supra ventricular arrhythmias)
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10
Q

Conditions that can cause hypokalemia:

A
  • Chronic Renal Failure
  • Post-obstructive Diuresis
  • Dialysis
  • Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing Dz)
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
  • Hyperaldosteronism
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11
Q

To avoid adverse cardiac effects, what rate should potassium be administered?

A

Potassium should not be administered IV at a rate faster than 0.5mEQ/kg/hr (potassium max)

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12
Q

Why is it recommended that dextrose be diluted 1:1 (to a 25% solution) ?

A

It is recommended that dextrose be diluted to avoid phlebitis.

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13
Q

What main concern would we have from overload of the left side of the heart?

A

Pulmonary edema

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14
Q

Dehydration Replacement Volume Formula:

A

Kg x % (as decimal) x 1000= _______ml

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15
Q

What is Anuria?

A

No urine

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16
Q

What is Oliguria?

A

Small amount of urine

17
Q

Clinical signs of volume overload?

A
Restlessness
Increase in RR
SQ Edema
Vomiting 
Increase urine output
Exophthalmos (bulging of eyes)
18
Q

Monitor of status of hydration and fluid therapy:

A
Check skin turgor 
Thoracic auscultation 
Wt changes
Hematocrit  (PCV) 
Total protein (TP)