fluids

Question 1

percent of neonate body weight is fluid

Answer 1

70-83%

Question 2

percent of older adult body weight is fluid

Answer 2

45%

Question 3

intracellular fluid

Answer 3

70% of total fluid
40% of total body weight

Question 4

extracellular fluid

Answer 4

30% of total fluid
20% of total body weight

Question 5

third spacing

Answer 5

fluid where it should not be

Question 6

excess of interstitial fluid

Answer 6

edema

Question 7

what are the components of blood?

Answer 7

RBCs
WBCs
platelets
plasma

Question 8

55% of total blood volume

Answer 8

plasma, the liquid component

Question 9

5 functions of body fluids

Answer 9

• transport
• maintain pressure
• regulate temperature
• medium for chemical reactions for metabolism
• remove waste

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

movement of WATER from LOWER concentration to HIGHER concentration until equilibrium

Question 11

diffusion

Answer 11

movements of solutes from area of HIGHER concentration to disperse out

Question 12

active transport

Answer 12

requires energy for movement of substances through the cell membrane from LESSER solute concentration to HIGHER solute concentration

Question 13

capillary filtration

Answer 13

passage of fluid through a permeable membrane from area of HIGHER to LOWER concentration

Question 14

type of pressure that mostly occurs at the arterial end

Answer 14

hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

type of pressure that mostly occurs at the venous end

Answer 15

osmotic (colloid) pressure

Question 16

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 16

the force exerted by the fluid present within the blood capillaries against the capillary wall

Question 17

osmotic pressure

Answer 17

the force exerted by proteins, like albumin, in the blood plasma

Question 18

what will the body secrete when there is a fluid overload?

Answer 18

BNP
ANP

Question 19

what does increased BNP indicate?

Answer 19

heart failure

Question 20

the three sources of fluid

Answer 20

• ingested liquids
• food
• byproduct of metabolism

Question 21

sensible losses

Answer 21

observable
- urine
- feces
- perspiration

Question 22

insensible losses

Answer 22

not readily observable
- expired breath
- cutaneous transpiration

Question 23

fluid type that has the same tonicity as blood plasma

Answer 23

isotonic fluid

Question 24

types of isotonic fluids

Answer 24

• 0.9% sodium chloride
• lactated ringers
• dextrose 5% (D5W)
• D5N5

Question 25

0.9% sodium chloride

Answer 25

normal saline

Question 26

lactated ringers

Answer 26

contains electrolytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, & chloride

Question 27

D5W

Answer 27

when the dextrose is used, the body is going to change into hypotonic since it is now more like water

Question 28

D5N5

Answer 28

considered isotonic, but a little more on the hypertonic side because it has dextrose & normal saline

Question 29

the only fluid used when giving blood or blood products

Answer 29

normal saline

Question 30

what pts should you monitor closely when giving an isotonic fluid?

Answer 30

hx of heart failure & renal failure

Question 31

fluid type that has less tonicity than blood plasma

Answer 31

hypotonic fluid

Question 32

what are hypotonic fluids used for

Answer 32

- hypertonic dehydration - hypernatremia - to increase urine output

Question 33

hypotonic fluid action

Answer 33

causes water to shift into the body cells

Question 34

types of hypotonic fluids

Answer 34

- 0.45% sodium chloride - D5W

Question 35

0.45% sodium chloride

Answer 35

half normal saline

Question 36

emergency situation for someone receiving a hypotonic fluid

Answer 36

cerebral edema

Question 37

fluid type that has greater tonicity than blood plasma, stays in the intravascular space

Answer 37

hypertonic fluid

Question 38

hypertonic fluid action

Answer 38

causes water to shift out of the cells through osmosis

Question 39

what are hypertonic fluids used for

Answer 39

decrease cellular swelling treat hyponatremia in the instance of cerebral edema

Question 40

hypertonic fluid types

Answer 40

- 3% sodium chloride - 5% sodium chloride

Question 41

what must you monitor when giving a hypertonic fluid

Answer 41

pulmonary edema

Question 42

colloid fluid type

Answer 42

colloids are large molecules that cannot cross over the semipermeable membrane of the vasculature; causes water to shift back into vasculature, thus increasing BP

Question 43

what are colloid fluids used for

Answer 43

hypotensin plasma expansion

Question 44

colloid fluid types

Answer 44

- dextran in N5 - hespan - albumin

Question 45

dextran in N5 or D5W

Answer 45

made of glucose and polymers

Question 46

hespan

Answer 46

made from starch

Question 47

albumin

Answer 47

produced by the liver

Question 48

possible indication that the liver is not working properly

Answer 48

abdominal ascites

Question 49

colloid fluid nursing considerations

Answer 49

not a permanent fix very expensive

Question 50

how many ml of liquids should an individual have per day

Answer 50

2600 ml/day

Question 51

how much urine output per hr

Answer 51

30 ml/hr

Question 52

why is it important to measure daily body weight?

Answer 52

making sure pt is not retaining fluid

Question 53

hypovolemia

Answer 53

fluid depletion

Question 54

hypervolemia

Answer 54

fluid volume excess

Question 55

symptoms of hypovolemia

Answer 55

- dizzy/ light-headed - urine output decreased - orthostatic hypotension - tachycardia - BUN slightly increased - lethargy, confusion, flat neck veins, dry mucous membranes

Question 56

signs of hypovolemia in pediatrics

Answer 56

less tears & sunken fontanelles

Question 57

symptoms of hypervolemia

Answer 57

- bounding HR - increased BP - increased body weight - anxiety, restlessness - increased JVD

Question 58

causes of fluid volume excess

Answer 58

- heart failure - kidney failure - cirrhosis - increased salt intake - excessive fluid intakes - medications, like steroids - malnutrition