Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

What happens during negative fluid balance?

Answer 1

Fluid output is greater than the fluid intake

Question 2

What happens during positive fluid balance?

Answer 2

Fluid intake is greater than fluid output

Question 3

What should be the patient teaching for hyponatremia?

Answer 3

Adhere to diet and fluid intake

Question 4

What is the normal value of Potassium?

Answer 4

3.5-4.5 mEq/L

Question 5

Is 5 mEq/L still considered normal?

Answer 5

Yes, if there are no sudden changes

Question 6

What is the major source of K?

Answer 6

Diet

Question 7

What types of food are major source of K?

Answer 7

1 Banana
2 Potato
3 Orange
4 Mango

Question 8

What is the normal route of excretion?

Answer 8

Kidneys

Question 9

What is code blue?

Answer 9

Critical value >8 (cardiac arrest)

Question 10

This is used to euthanize dogs; stop the heart

Answer 10

Potassium Chloride

Question 11

True or False: Potassium is an extracellular electrolyte?

Answer 11

False: Should be intracellular

Question 12

What happens when there is an increase in Potassium?

Answer 12

Might indicate hemolysis

Question 13

What re some causes of Hyperkalemia?

Answer 13

1 Excess K intake
2 Extracellular shift
3 Retention of K

Question 14

What are some of the medications used to cure Hyperkalemia?

Answer 14

1 Lasix (Loop diuretic)
2 Spironolactone
3 Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 15

What are the clinical signs of Hyperkalemia?

Answer 15

1 Muscle Weakness
2 Anxiety, irritability
3 Paresthesia
4 Diarrhea
5 Cardiac: Irregular pulse, EKG changes

Question 16

What are the nursing interventions done for Hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

1 Administration of Kayexelate
2 IV insulin and glucose
3 IV Ca glutonate
4 IV or PO NaHCO3

Question 17

This medication binds with potassium and causes you to defecate?

Answer 17

Kayexelate

Question 18

This medication is given as an enema?

Answer 18

Kayexelate

Question 19

This medication will induce hyperosmolality and cause a shift-force potassium to go back inside the cells.

Answer 19

IIV insulin and glucose

Question 20

This medication is rarely used anymore to elderly; and can cause pulmonary edema

Answer 20

IV or PO NaCHO 3

Question 21

What are other nursing interventions for Hyperkalemia?

Answer 21

1 Hemodynamic monitoring
2 Provide safety
3 Monitor glucose if IV 50 was used
4 Dietary consult
5 Patient education
6 Prepare for dialysis

Question 22

What are the things you need to evaluate for Hyperkalemia?

Answer 22

1 Cardiac monitoring-No peaked T-waves
2 Musculoskeletal strength of 5/5
3 Adhered to dietary teaching
4 Less salt/sodium in foods

Question 23

What are the causes of Potassium of loss?

Answer 23

1 Crohn's Disease
2 Diarrhea, high output of GI fistula and ileostomies
3 Abuse of diuretics
4 Mg depletion
5 Severe diaphoresis
6 More than 20 diartheas a day
7 Malnutrition
8 Eating disorder

Question 24

What happens when there is acidosis?

Answer 24

1 Hyperkalemia
2 Alkalosis
3 Hypokalemia

Question 25

What are the clinical signs of Hypokalemia?

Answer 25

``` 1 Weakness, fatigue 2 Decreased muscle tone, leg cramps 3 Paralytic ileus 4 Bradychardia 5 ST segment depression ```

Question 26

What should you evaluate during Hypokalemia?

Answer 26

EKG, I and O, V/S

Question 27

What is the normal range of calcium?

Answer 27

9-11

Question 28

50% are bound to what?

Answer 28

Albumin

Question 29

99% are found in what?

Answer 29

Bones

Question 30

What electrolyte does calcium have an inverse relationship with?

Answer 30

PO4 or Phosphate

Question 31

What are some functions of calcium?

Answer 31

``` 1 Strengthens bones and teeth 2 Maintains cellular permeability 3 Promote absorption of B12 4 Transmission of nerve impulses 5 Myocardial contractions 6 Muslce contractions ```

Question 32

What are some disease states during Hypercalcemia?

Answer 32

1 Multiple Myeloma 2 Malignancy to bone 3 Hyperparathyroidism 4 Acidosis

Question 33

What are some clinical signs of Hypercalcemia?

Answer 33

``` 1 Lethargy, wekaness 2 Personality changes 3 Psychosis 4 Depressed reflexes 5 Bone pain 6 Anorexia 7 N and V 8 EKG changes ```