FLUIDS AND SOLIDS

Question 1

what is a fluid

Answer 1

either a liquid or a gas

Question 2

describe the movement of molecules of a fluid

Answer 2

molecules in a fluid are not arranged in any order
or structure and thus move about in random directions relative to each other

Question 3

describe the actual molecules of fluids

Answer 3

bond weakly, spin, and move past each other

Question 4

describe the movement of molecules in solids

Answer 4

held in place by permanent molecular bonds

Question 5

describe the actual molecules of solids

Answer 5

molecules bond strongly and vibrate in a fixed position

Question 6

what is density defined as

Answer 6

the amount of mass (m) a fluid contains in a specified volume (V)

Question 7

what is density really a ratio of

Answer 7

mass to volume

Question 8

what is the density equation

Answer 8

p = m/V

Question 9

what are the units for density

Answer 9

g/cm3
kg/m3

Question 10

rank each state of matter from most dense to least dense

Answer 10

solid > liquid > gas

Question 11

what is unique about gases as the least dense matter

Answer 11

can be compressed unlike solids and liquids

Question 12

what is specific gravity

Answer 12

ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water

Question 13

what is the specific gravity equation

Answer 13

S.G. = ρsubstance/ρwater

Question 14

breakdown the specific gravity equation

Answer 14

specific gravity = density of a substance divided by the density of water

Question 15

what happens is specific gravity is less than 1

Answer 15

a substance lighter than water

Question 16

what happens is specific gravity is 1

Answer 16

substance equally as heavy as water.

Question 17

what happens is specific gravity is more than 1

Answer 17

a substance heavier than water

Question 18

what is the density of water

Answer 18

1g/ml = 1g/cm3.
1g/cm3 = 10^3kg/m3

Question 19

relate the specific gravity os mercury to water

Answer 19

mercury has a specific gravity of 13.63, so lifting a container full of mercury will be equivalent to lifting 13.63 of the same containers filled with water

Question 20

what is pressure

Answer 20

(P) can be defined as the force (F) per unit area (A)

Question 21

what is the equation for pressure

Answer 21

P = F/A

Question 22

breakdown equation of pressure

Answer 22

F = perpendicular force to area in Newtons (N)
P = pressure in Pascal (Pa).
A = area in square meters (m2)

Question 23

what is 1 pascal equal to

Answer 23

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

Question 24

how is pressure related to energy

Answer 24

potential energy per unit volume

Question 25

what is the pressure equation used to calculate potential energy

Answer 25

P = ρgh

Question 26

breakdown the pressure equation for potential energy

Answer 26

P = pressure (Pa) ρ = density of a gas or fluid (kg/m3) g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2) h = the height of a column of gas or fluid (m)

Question 27

what are the two things pressure represents

Answer 27

1. force per an area 2. potential energy per volume

Question 28

what happens the pressure on a fluid at a certain depth

Answer 28

At a certain depth, the pressure of the fluid is the same in all directions

Question 29

how does the shape of a contained affect fluid pressure

Answer 29

The shape or surface area of the container does not affect fluid pressure

Question 30

how does fluid pressure exert their forces

Answer 30

Fluids exert forces that are always 90 degrees (perpendicular) to the surface of the container

Question 31

what is the pressure of a fluid directly proportional to

Answer 31

pressure of a fluid is directly proportional to the density of the fluid and to its depth

Question 32

what is buoyant force

Answer 32

When an object is submerged in water (object replaces water), an upward force acts on the submerged object

Question 33

what is archimedes' principle

Answer 33

buoyant force (Fb) is an upward force that acts on a submerged object and equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the submerged object

Question 34

what is the buoyant force equation

Answer 34

Fb = ρfluid x V x g

Question 35

break down the buoyant force equation

Answer 35

buoyant force = fluid density x volume of fluid x acceleration due to gravity

Question 36

what are the two types of fluid motion

Answer 36

laminar flow turbulent flow

Question 37

what is laminar flow

Answer 37

all the particles in the fluid are moving in a straight line

Question 38

describe the movement of particles in laminar flow

Answer 38

same rate + same direction

Question 39

what is turbulent flow

Answer 39

irregular flow of particles where they move in a state of chaos

Question 40

describe the movement of particles in turbulent flow

Answer 40

some particles opposing the direction of others and causing collisions