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FLUTD Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: FLUTD is often idiopathic.

A

True

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2
Q

What are some potential etiologies for FLUTD?

A 
Bacterial infection
Uroliths
Neoplasia
Trauma
Anatomy
Behavior
Feline interstitial cystitis
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3
Q

How is a diagnosis of feline interstitial cystitis made?

A

Cystoscopy

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4
Q

What is the most common age group to get FLUTD?

A

2-6 years

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5
Q

How is the mucosa changed in feline idiopathic cystitis?

A

Altered glucosaminoglycan excretion and increased ion leakage across urothelium

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6
Q

How is the submucosa changed in feline idiopathic cystitis?

A

Presence of mast cells

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7
Q

How are the sympathetic nervous system and pain fibers effected with feline idiopathic cystitis?

A

Increased substance P and increased C-fiber activation

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8
Q

Can feline idiopathic cystitis have a stress trigger?

A

Yes- pro-inflammatory state and cytokine release

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of FLUTD?

A

Hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria,, inappropriate urination, large firm palpable bladder, inability to urinate

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10
Q

How is FLUTD diagnosed?

A

Exclusion or cystoscopy

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11
Q

What will the bladder look like on cystoscopy?

A

Glomerulated

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12
Q

What is the purpose of imaging in an FLUTD case?

A

Rule out urolithiasis

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13
Q

What will you find on urinalysis of an FLUTD patient?

A

Protein, blood, crystals, low yield culture

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14
Q

What is the most important part of therapy in FLUTD?

A

Environmental management- reduction of stress, plenty of water sources, environmental enrichment

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15
Q

What is the preferred method of dislogement in cases of obstruction?

A

Catheterization and IV fluids

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16
Q

What drugs can be useful in managing FLUTD?

A

Analgesics, antihistamines, GAG, prazosin, diazepam

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17
Q

What are the common diseases of the vagina?

A

Hemorrhage, vaginitis, hyperplasia, prolapse, neoplasia, persistent hymen

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18
Q

What is the most common test done when investigating vaginal disorders?

A

Cytology

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19
Q

What instrument is used to perform a vaginal exam?

A

Speculum

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20
Q

What typically happens in a juvenile vaginitis case?

A

Self-resolution without intervention

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21
Q

What are some causes of vaginitis in adult animals?

A

Urine/discharge pooling or vaginal stricture

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22
Q

What is the usual cause of vaginal hyperplasia/prolapse?

A

Estrogen

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23
Q

What is the most common ddx for a vaginal prolapse?

A

Neoplasia

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24
Q

What is the most common benign neoplasia of the vagina?

A

Leiomyoma

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25
What is the most common malignant neoplasia of the vagina?
Leiomyosarcoma
26
What is another common vaginal tumor we see? (hint hint almost all strays in St Kitts have it)
TVT
27
What is the typical signalment of a dog with benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Older, intact male
28
What is a common cause of unilateral prostatic enlargement?
Prostatic cysts
29
T/F: Neutering young eliminates the risk for prostatic neoplasia.
False- neutering has no effect on development of prostatic neoplasia
30
What exam do you always want to perform on male dogs?
Rectal
31
What are some common clinical signs of prostatic disease?
Frequent urge to urinate/defecate, depression, pain, spondylosis (L7-S1)
32
What is the typical presenting complaint of a dog with prostatic disease?
Anything from asymptomatic to LUTD signs, difficulty defecating or systemic illness
33
What should you find on a normal prostatic exam?
Non-painful, symmetrical, "barbie butt"
34
What findings on a prostatic exam would indicate a disease?
Asymmetry and/or pain
35
What diagnostics can be useful in diagnosing prostatic disease?
- Physical and rectal exam - Bloodwork and urinalysis - Imaging (US and rads) - Cytology w/ culture - Biopsy and histopath
36
T/F: Prostatic hyperplasia is a normal aging change in castrated animals.
False- normal aging change in INTACT animals
37
What is a common clinical finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Tenesmus (difficulty defecating)
38
T/F: Benign prostatic hyperplasia can predispose the animal to other prostatic diseases.
True
39
Animals with acute prostatitis typically present how?
Systemically ill with significant pain
40
What will an animal with acute prostatitis show on an urinalysis?
Evidence of a UTI
41
T/F: All intact male dogs with UTIs will have prostatitis?
True
42
What is the typical presentation of a dog with chronic prostatitis?
Asymptomatic
43
If they do have clinical signs, what is typical of chronic prostatitis?
Recurrent UTIs or preputial discharge
44
What is the typical findings of a prostate exam on a dog with chronic prostatitis?
Non-painful prostate with symmetrical enlargementt
45
What is the best way to diagnose chronic prostatitis?
UA results combined with ultrasound and history/signalment
46
What is the treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Castration
47
What is the treatment for prostatic cysts?
Surgical removal or drainage
48
Treatment of prostatitis is similar to treatment of what other condition?
Complicated UTI
49
What kind of antibiotics penetrate well into the urinary tract?
Fluoroquinolones, doxy, trimepthoprim, rifampin, and erythromycin
50
What is the most common prostatic neoplasia?
Carcinoma- still a relatively rare tumor though
51
What is the presenting complaint with prostatic neoplasia?
Lameness and mass effect signs
52
What are some common findings on the physical exam of a dog with prostatic neoplasia?
Painful gait in sacrum, palpable possibly asymmetical prostate (esp in neutered animals), enlarged sublumbar LN
53
Where are common sites of metastasis for prostatic neoplasms?
LN, vertebrae, and lungs
54
How do you treat prostatic carcinoma?
Chemo, radiation, urethral stents
55
Is surgical resection recommended in prostatic carcinomas?
No- dogs will usually become incontinent after surgery
56
What is the overall prognosis of prostatic neoplasms?
Poor
57
What is the most common neoplasia of the lower urinary tract?
Transitional cell carcinoma
58
How are lower urinary tract neoplasias diagnosed?
Urine sediment/sytology Imaging Suction samples Endoscopy/cystoscopy and biopsy
59
What is the approximate survival time for an TCC treated with piroxicam?
~6 mo
60
What is the approximate survival time for an TCC treated with piroxicam and mitoxantrone?
~12 mo
61
Is surgery typically a good choice for TCC?
No- usually involves most of the bladder and near the trigone

SAM 2 (21 decks)

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