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FMTB-W > FMST 203 Respitory > Flashcards

FMST 203 Respitory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax (chest cavity)?

A

A bony cage formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs and thoracic vertebrae.

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2
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Primary muscle of respirations.

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3
Q

What are the intercostal muscles?

A

External: Aids In quiet and forced inhalation.
Internal: Aids in forced expirations.

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4
Q

What is the pleura?

A

A thin membrane.

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5
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

A thin membrane that lines the inner side of the thoracic cavity

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6
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

A thin membrane that lines the outer surface of the lungs.

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7
Q

How’s many lobes does the left and right lung have?

A

Left is two lobe, right is three.

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8
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Small saclike structures that exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

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9
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity where organs and structures of the chest cavity lie.

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10
Q

What is wheezing?

A

Whistling sounds, caused by movement of air in a narrow airway.

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11
Q

What is stridor?

A

A harsh shrill sound.

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12
Q

What is apnea?

A

Total cessation of breathing, or respiratory arrest.

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13
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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14
Q

What is bradypnea?

A

Slow rate of respirations less than 8.

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15
Q

What is tachypnea?

A

Abnormal rapid breathing.

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16
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Insufficient amount of oxygen.

17
Q

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

A

The presence of free air or gas in the the subcutaneous tissue. “Rice Krispies”

18
Q

What is hyperventilations?

A

An increase in the rate and depth of normal respirations.

19
Q

What is hypoventilations?

A

Loss of ventilatory drive from decreased neurological functions most often after a TBI.

20
Q

What is penetrating trauma?

A

Forced distributed over a small area. Often organs are injured.

21
Q

What is blunt trauma?

A

Caused by forces distributed over a large area.

22
Q

What is a rib fracture?

A

When pressure applied exceeds the strength of the ribs.

23
Q

How would you treat rib fractures?

A

Anticipate potential complications,

If multiple rib fractures, immobilize it. Encourage coughing and deep breaths and monitor.

24
Q

What is a flail chest and how do you treat it?

A

Blunt trauma to the chest wall. Immobilize flail segment, if respiratory failure give positive pressure ventilation, administer analgesics and oxygen if available. TACEVAC

25
Q

What is pneumothorax and how would you treat it?

A

Caused by the presence of sir in the pleural space. Placed in supine position, use BVM if hypoxia do present, and monitor for tension pneumothorax. TACEVAC.

26
Q

What is tension pneumothorax?

A

Air enters the pleural space and cannot escape by the route of entry.

27
Q

What are the early signs of tension pneumothorax?

A

Unilateral
Decreased or absent breath sounds
Dyspnea
Tachypnea

28
Q

What are the late signs?

A

JVD, Tracheal Deviation, signs of a cute hypoxia, narrow pulse pressure, signs of uncompensated shock.

29
Q

What are the treatments for tension pneumothorax?

A

Needle D, pain management. TACEVAC.

30
Q

What is hemothorax?

A

The accumulation of blood in the pleural space.

31
Q

How would you treat hemothorax?

A

Supine position, treat chest injuries, pain and shock. Administer O2 and TACEVAC.

32
Q

What is open pneumothorax?

A

When air or gas in the pleural space causes the lung to collapse because of an open wound allows air to enter.

33
Q

How would you treat an open pneumothorax?

A

Chest seal, assess and monitor for signs of tension pneumothorax. Pain management and TACEVAC

34
Q

What are some of the complications of a needle d?

A

Hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, subcutaneous emphysema, and misdiagnosis.

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