FMST 204 Circulation

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

A state of physiological equilibrium.

Question 2

What is isotonic?

Answer 2

Solution the triggers the least amount of water movement

Question 3

What is hypertonic?

Answer 3

Draws water from surrounding cells and tissue back into the vascular system.

Question 4

What is hypotonic?

Answer 4

Causes water to leave the vascular system and into the cells and tissues

Question 5

What are electrolytes?

Answer 5

An element when dissolved in a solvent, disassociated into ions and is able to carry electrical currents.

Question 6

What are crystalloids?

Answer 6

IV solution containing mostly of sodium chloride and other electrolytes; volume expander

Question 7

What are colloids?

Answer 7

IV solutions containing large molecules such as proteins; includes hypertonic volume expanders.

Question 8

What are the six IV solutions?

Answer 8

Whole Blood, Crystalloids, Colloids, Hextend, Water and Glucose solutions and TXA.

Question 9

What is shock?

Answer 9

The inadequate perfusion of tissue.

Question 10

What are the four major categories of shock?

Answer 10

1. Hypovolemic
2. Distributive
3. Obstructive
4. Cardiogenic

Question 11

What is the most common shock in the battlefield?

Answer 11

hemorrhagic shock.

Question 12

How do you determine if your patient is in shock?

Answer 12

Mental status, quality of pulse, and heart rate.

Question 13

What is compensated shock?

Answer 13

It’s when your body increases the heart rate and respirations to make up for the decrease circulating blood volume?

Question 14

What is decompensated shock?

Answer 14

Body is no longer able to compensate for blood lost and will deteriorate.

Question 15

How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 1 hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 15

Less than 750ml (less than 15%) and normal to slightly increased heart rate.

Question 16

How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 2 hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 16

750-1500ml (15%-30%) and heart rate is over 100

Question 17

How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 3 hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 17

1500ml-2000ml (30%-40%) and heart rate is above 120.

Question 18

How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 4 hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 18

Over 2000ml (greater than 40%) and heart rate is over 140

Question 19

What is class one shock?

Answer 19

Body is still able to compensate in order to maintain homeostasis.

Question 20

What is class two shock?

Answer 20

Circulation blood volume is reduced, sympathetic nervous system is able to maintain blood pressure and tissue perfusion.

Question 21

What is class three shock?

Answer 21

Body compensatory system can no longer maintain perfusion.

Question 22

What is class four shock?

Answer 22

Severe stage of shock, patient has a few minutes to live. Survival depends on immediate control of hemorrhage.

Question 23

What is hypoxia?

Answer 23

deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Question 24

What is the normal pulsox for a healthy adult?

Answer 24

95-100%

Question 25

What spO2 value is considered hypoxia?

Answer 25

Anything less than 95%

Question 26

When should you apply a tourniquet conversion?

Answer 26

If CAS/MEDEVAC time is less than two hours and the leg is not amputated.

Question 27

What are the four areas you can access an IO

Answer 27

Sternal Head, Humeral Head, Proximal Tibia and Distal Tibia.

Question 28

What are some of the potential complications for IVs?

Answer 28

Infiltration, Phlebitis, Nerve Damage, Circulatory Overload, Air Embolism, and Systemic Infection.

Question 29

What are some of the potential complications of an IO?

Answer 29

Trauma/Fracture, Past 48 hours, Prosthesis, Infection, and inability to locate landmark, and osteoporosis.