Fontan Operation Flashcards
(16 cards)
When was the Fontan Operation first performed?
1968
The Fontan Operation has undergone various modifications since its inception.
What is the standard treatment for patients with single ventricle defects?
Fontan Operation
This condition involves having only one pumping chamber in the heart.
What percentage of Fontan patients survive at least 5 years after the procedure?
Nearly 90%
This statistic highlights the effectiveness of the procedure.
What percentage of Fontan patients live for 10 years or more?
Nearly 80%
The prognosis improves with more recent forms of the operation.
What complications may arise in Fontan survivors over time?
- Ventricular dysfunction
- Atrioventricular valve regurgitation
- Obstructions to blood flow
These complications can affect modified heart chambers and vessels.
What condition may develop in 10-15% of late Fontan patients?
Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)
PLE results in protein loss through the gut and is a serious condition.
What are the symptoms of Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)?
- Fluid retention
- Internal bleeding
The cause of PLE is unknown.
What is the typical treatment for Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE)?
Diuretics such as spironolactone
Severe cases may require a heart transplant.
What is the expected outcome for PLE after a successful heart transplant?
It generally disappears
This highlights the importance of addressing severe cases.
Why is it important for Fontan patients to receive regular physical examinations?
To discover and treat any changes
Early detection can prevent complications.
What may be done to correct obstructions that occur in Fontan patients?
- Surgery
- Placement of a stent
These interventions can help restore normal blood flow.
What may be necessary in cases where the mitral or tricuspid valve function breaks down?
Valve repair or replacement
Ensuring proper valve function is crucial for heart health.
What risk is associated with the slow flow of blood through the Fontan connection?
Pulmonary emboli (clots)
This risk is particularly prevalent in patients with a dilated right atrium.
What medications should all adult Fontan patients be treated with?
- Blood thinners (e.g., aspirin)
- Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
These medications help reduce the risk of clots.
What are the long-term effects of the Fontan Operation?
Poorly known
Acquired heart diseases such as coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy may pose special risks.
What is imperative for maintaining health in Fontan patients?
Good overall physical health and diet
This is crucial to mitigate risks associated with long-term effects.
