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Food- Flashcards

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1
Q

What is food?

A

Food is any substance that is used by a living organism to provide energy, materials for repair and maintenance or to control metabolism

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2
Q

What are bio molecules?

A

Biomolecules are chemicals that are made inside a living thing.

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3
Q

What is the chemical composition of carbohydrates?

A

All carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

What is the general ratio in carbohydrates?

A

2:1 , hydrogen 12, oxygen 6

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5
Q

What is the chemical composition of glucose?

A

Glucose = C6, H12, O6

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6
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A single sugar unit.

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7
Q

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

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8
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Is two units of sugar.

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9
Q

Give an example of a disaccharide.

A

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

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10
Q

What are a polysaccharides?

A

Polysaccharides are many sugar units

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11
Q

Give an example of a polysaccharide.

A

Cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin,

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12
Q

What are the roles of cellulose?

A

It is used in the cell walls of plants.

In humans it is very difficult to digest so we use as fibre in our diet.

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13
Q

Name the four food bio molecules

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and vitamins.

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14
Q

What are the six common elements found in food?

A

Carbon (c), Hydrogen (h), oxygen (o), nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p) and sulfur (s)

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15
Q

Five elements in dissolved salts>

A

Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl), potassium (k) and calcium (Ca)

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16
Q

Name three trace elements.

A

Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn)

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17
Q

How do plants make glucose?

A

Photosynthesis

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18
Q

What sugar is in table sugar?

A

Sucrose

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19
Q

Name some reducing sugars.

A

Maltose, glucose, frutose

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20
Q

What is another name for starch?

A

Amylose

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21
Q

Name the metabolic roles of carbohydrates.

A

Glucose is broken down in respiration to release energy.

Glucose is made in photosynthesis

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22
Q

What is the structural role of carbohydrates?

A

Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls.

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23
Q

Why is cellulose hard to digest?

A

Because it has many cross-bonds.

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24
Q

What is the most abundant chemical in living things?

A

Water

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25
Give five functions of water.
Makes up the bulk of cytoplasm, also found in tissue fluid and blood. It is a good solvent that allows cell reactions to take place and transport Gives cells their correct shape It is a good absorber of heat, it helps maintain stable temperature Participates in cell reactions
26
Give three reasons why water is essential to life.
It is the liquid which all metabolic reactions take place Basis for transport systems Environment which many organisms live in
27
What elements do lipids contain?
Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
28
Name the two types of lipids
Oils- liquid at room temperature | Fats- solid at room temperature
29
What is the smallest unit of a lipid called?
Triglyceride
30
What is composition of a triglyceride?
One molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.
31
What is the composition of a phospholipid?
One molecule of glycerol, | two molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of phosphate
32
Name three sources of lipids
Red meat, dairy products and vegetable oils.
33
Function of lipids in diet
Provide energy and source of fat-soluble vitamins.
34
Structural role of lipids
Stores energy Heat Insulation Protection of organs Cell membranes (phospholipids and lipoproteins)
35
Metabolic role of lipids?
Broken down in respiration to provide energy Energy is used to carry out other metabolic reactions
36
How many amino acids is there?
20
37
What is the bond between amino acids called?
Peptide bond
38
How many amino acids are in a peptide bond?
Less than 20
39
How many amino acids are in a polypeptide bond?
Less than 200
40
How many amino acids are in a protein?
More than 200
41
Properties of fibrous proteins?
Little or no folding Form long fibres Strong and tough Eg. Keratin in nails, hair and feathers, myosin in muscles
42
Properties of globular proteins?
Lots of folding Form rounded shapes Eg. Enzymes, antibodies, hormones
43
Sources of protein
Meat, fish, eggs, nuts, peas, beans,
44
Structural role of proteins
Fibrous proteins, keratin in nails and hair, myosin in muscles
45
Metabolic role of proteins
Proteins are used as enzymes to control metabolic reactions Antibodies are used to fight infections Hormones regulate body reacctions
46
Composition of vitamins?
Carbon based, Only needed in small amounts The body cannot make them
47
Give an example of water soluble vitamin.
Vitamin C | its an ascorbic acid
48
Sources of Vitamin C
Vegetables, fresh fruit, oranges, lemons
49
Metabolic role of Vitamin C
Formation of connective tissue eg. skin, gums Growth and maintenance of bones and teeth Immune system Help wounds heal
50
What does lack of vitamin C cause?
Scurvy ``` Symptoms of scurvy: Bleeding gums Loss of teeth Poor healing of the skin Bleeding under the skin ```
51
Name a fat-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin D
52
Sources of Vitamin D
Liver, milk, egg yolk, fish oils, sunlight
53
Metabolic role of vitamin D
Helps absorb calcium from the intestine Needed for healthy teeth and bone formation
54
What does lack of Vitamin D cause?
Rickets in children Osteomalacia in adults Symptoms: Weak, deformed bones Bones beak easily
55
Why are minerals needed by plants and animals?
- To form rigid body structures such as bone and the cement between plant cell walls (both contain calcium) - To make soft body parts such as muscle (which requires nitrogen and sulfur) - To form salts in cell and body fluids (tears, saliva and the liquid part of blood all contain sodium. - To form biomolecules (such as hemoglobin- iron / chlorophyll- magnesium
56
Give two examples of minerals that plants need-
Magnesium (Mg) -Salts in the soil, helps form chlorophyll Calcium (Ca) -Salts in the soil, helps cell walls attach to each other.
57
Give two examples of minerals that animals need.
Iron (Fe) -Liver, meat, green vegetables, helps form hemoglobin Calcium (Ca) -Milk, cheese, dairy products, helps form bones and teeth
58
What is metabolism?
Is the sum of all the reactions in an organism.
59
What is an anabolic reaction?
When energy is taken in and used to convert smaller molecules into larger ones eg. photosynthesis
60
What is a catabolic reaction?
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones and energy is released. eg. respiration
61
Name all the experiments of this chapter (food)
- To test for reducing sugar - To test for starch - To test for lipids - To test for protein
62
What do you use to test for reducing sugar?
Benedict's solution/ fehling's solution
63
What colour does benedict's solution go if reducing sugar is present?
Red/ orange-red/ brick red
64
What do you use to test for starch?
Iodine
65
What colour does iodine go when starch is present?
Turns blue-black or purple
66
What do you use to test for lipids?
Brown paper/ filter paper
67
What do you to test for protein?
Biuret solution | contains (sodium hydroxide, copper sulfate)
68
What colour does the biuret solution turn when protein is present?
Purple
69
What are phospholipids?
Are fat-like substances in which one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it.

Biology LC (28 decks)

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