Food & behaviour, alcohol and substances

Question 1

Factors effecting excessive energy intake

Answer 1

genetics, Shiftwork & employment, adverts & promotions, psychological factors, sleep, physical activity, food composition (energy, satiety, portion), environmental cues, early developmental factors.

Question 2

Malnutrition

Answer 2

deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake in energy and or nutrients including UNDERNUTRITION and OVERWEIGHT.

Question 3

medical conditions requiring diet advice

Answer 3

DM, eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, IBD.

Question 4

early influences on feeding behaviour

Answer 4

maternal diet, breastfeeding, parenting practices, introduction of solid food, type of food exposure during weaning.

Question 5

In Utero Maternal diet influence

Answer 5

Taste and olfactory system capable of detecting flavour before birth in amniotic fluid e.g. garlic, anise, chilies - CHEMICAL CONTINUITY
Young babies can show preference to foods which were induced into amniotic fluid by mother’s diet.

Question 6

Components & benefits of breast milk

Answer 6

Colostrum. Foremilk = watery and Hindmilk = more energy dense. Aid digestion via enzymes, gut protection, anti-infective, antibodies, dental hygiene.

Question 7

Breastfeeding’s influence on feeding behaviours

Answer 7

Taste/composition of breastmilk can vary throughout day, babies get repeated and varied exposure to different tastes. CHEMICAL CONTINUITY. Can lead to better acceptance of new foods during weaning, less picky eaters in childhood and richer fruit and veg diet.. Questionable obesity prevention.

Question 8

Parental influence on feeding behaviours

Answer 8

Tactics such as coercion, persuasion, contingencies to introduce new foods have PARADOXICAL effect. Improve feeding by

• responsive feeding when hungry.
• avoid pressure to eat.
• variety of food.
• not using food as reward.
• ‘healthful’ eating behaviours.

Question 9

Types of eating disorders

Answer 9

Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge eating disorder.

Question 10

eating disorder definition

Answer 10

clinically meaningful behavioural or psychological pattern of distress, disability or increase mortality and morbidity with eating or weight.

Question 11

Forms of dieting

Answer 11

restrict total intake of food.
restrict certain food
restrict time/extend non-eating periods.

Question 12

problems with dieting

Answer 12

increase risk of developing eating disorder.
loss of lean body mass.
slow metabolic rate and energy expenditure.
disrupt normal appetite responses.
Challenge to maintain long-term weight loss.

Question 13

2 factors of obesity susceptibility

Answer 13

Unresponsive to internal cues (satiety/full) and vulnerable to external cues (promotions/available food)

Question 14

Unsuccessful dieting

Answer 14

restraint, disinhibition, portion size, individual differences, socio-economic influence.

Question 15

Unit of alcohol =

Answer 15

(% alcohol x amount ml) ÷ 1000

Question 16

Questions in CAGE

Answer 16

Cut down? Annoyed when criticised over alcohol? Guilt on drinking? Eye opener in morning?

Question 17

What does AUDIT stand for?

Answer 17

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

Question 18

2 drugs for opioid withdrawal maintenance therapy

Answer 18

Methadrone and Buprenorphine.

Question 19

Community services for substance misuse

Answer 19

Need exchanges
Sexual health screening
Immunisation
Contraception
Signposting for stop services.