Models of behaviour change Flashcards
Health belief model aspects
Change occurs if individuals have a perceived susceptibility to condition, perceived severity, perceived benefits s and perceived barriers that out weight cost.
Other components to health belief model
Cues to action = internal or external cues to create change. health motivation
Cons of health belief model
1) cues to action are not included in research of model.
2) does not differentiate between first or repetitive times to take change.
3) does not consider emotional on behaviours, only cognitive.
4) alternative factors may predict health behaviour e.g. outcome expectancy and self-efficacy.
outcome expectancy and self-efficacy definitions
whether person feels they will be healthier as a result of the change.
Person’s belief in ability to change behaviour.
Examples of use of health belief model
Breast self-examination, vaccinations, cancer screening, medication adherence.
Theory of planned behaviour basis
Based on the person’s intention to change behaviour. Expansion of Theory of reasoned Action. Takes into account social pressures and perceived control.
Components of intentions
Attitude to behaviour e.g. i don’t think smoking is good.
Subjective norm e.g. most people close to me want me to stop.
Perceived behavioural control e.g. I believe I can give up.
Behavioural intention e.g. i intend to give up smoking.
How to bridge intention-behaviour gap in Theory of planned behaviour.
1) Perceived control (take ownership and recall successes)
2) Anticipated regret
3) Preparatory actions (break down to manageable sub-goals)
4) Implementation intentions
5) Relevance to self (internalise and realistic advise).
Cons of Theory of planned behaviour
No direction or causality.
Lack of temporal element.
No detail on how determinants inter-react with each other.
No account for habits and routines.
Assumption that attitude, social norms are measurable.
Patient able to lie as relies on self-reported behaviour
Stage Models of Health Behaviour basis and advantages
Individuals are at discrete and ordered stages not in a continuum of change. Transtheoretical model. Each progressive stage is closer to outcome. Able to progress and relapse down stages. Takes into account temporal element.
Stages of Stage Models of Health Behaviour
Pre-Contemplation (not ready yet) Contemplation (considering change) Preparation (getting ready) Action (engaged in process) Maintenance
Drawbacks of Stage Models of Health Behaviour
No account for people who misses stages in change process and those who do not move through every stage.
Change for some people may be a continuum.
No account of habits, culture, social and person factors.
Motivational Interviewing for behavioural change
Counselling approach to initiate behaviour change. Explore and resolve ambivalence with individual and behaviour.
Nudge theory for behaviour change
Create an environment to make the best behavioural option the easiest. use choice architecture.
Social norms approach for changing behaviour
Positive protective behaviour is often under-perceived by group so create it as the norm to change perception and increase positive behaviour.
