Random PH

Question 1

2 types of equity

Answer 1

Horizontal and vertical
Horizontal = equal treatment for equal need.
Vertical =unequal treatment for unequal needs.

Question 2

Dimensions of health equity

Answer 2

Spatial and social

Question 3

equity

Answer 3

What is fair and just. Process

Question 4

Equality

Answer 4

Equal shares for everyone. outcome

Question 5

3 domains of public health practise

Answer 5

health improvement (e.g. prevention)
Health protection (e.g. control infections)
Improving services (e.g. healthcare)

Question 6

3 health behaviours

Answer 6

Health
Illness
Sick role

Question 7

Factors which influence perceptions of risk

Answer 7

Lack of personal experience
Belief it is preventable with personal actions.
Belief it wont happen if it hasn’t occurred by now.
Belief the problem is infrequent.

Question 8

Name all the models of behaviour change

Answer 8

Health belief model
Theory of planned behaviour
Transtheoretical model
Social norms theory
Motivational interview
Nudging

Question 9

Name some determinants of health

Answer 9

Genes
Environment
Lifestyle
Healthcare

Question 10

Prevention paradox

Answer 10

Prevention measures may bring benefit to a population but offer little benefit to individual participants.

Question 11

Reasons for association in a trial

Answer 11

Chance
Bias
Cofounding factors
Reverse causality
True causal association.

Question 12

Need

Answer 12

ability to benefit from intervention

Question 13

Demand

Answer 13

What intervention the people ask for

Question 14

Supply

Answer 14

What intervention is provided

Question 15

3 types of health needs assessments

Answer 15

Epidemiological
Comparative
Corporate

Question 16

Framework for evaluation of health service

Answer 16

Structure, Process, Outcome

Question 17

Maxwell’s quality of healthcare

Answer 17

Efficiency, effectiveness, equity, acceptability, appropriateness/relevance, accessibility.

Question 18

Characteristics of foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 18

Small, underweight.
Slack muscle tones
Mental retardation.
Thin upper lip
Microcephaly
Upturned nose
Epicanthic folds

Question 19

Screening for alcohol

Answer 19

FAST, AUDIT, CAGE, PAT

Question 20

Libertarian approach

Answer 20

Each is responsible for their own health, wellbeing and fulfilment of life.

Question 21

Medical negligence

Answer 21

Was there a duty of care?

Was there a breach in the duty of care?

Question 22

Bolam test

Answer 22

Would a group of reasonable doctors act the same?

Question 23

Bolitho test

Answer 23

Would it be reasonable and logical to act in that way?

Question 24

2 groups used in definition of malnutrition

Answer 24

undernutrition and overweight.

Question 25

Name the factors in early life which may influence our feeding behaviours

Answer 25

Maternal diet when in utero
Breastfeeding
Parenting practises
Age of weaning to solid food and type of foods introduced.

Question 26

Disadvantages of dieting

Answer 26

Long term weight loss if hard to maintain.

Weight cycling from repeated relapse causing ‘over-shoot’.

Question 27

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need

Answer 27

Motivational theory of psychology. Achieving one level e.g. physiological needs motivates us to move up and achieve safety needs.

Question 28

Most common bias in screening

Answer 28

Length time. Disease is less aggressive when detected so mortality is lower in population diagnosed on screening than those diagnosed symptomatically.

Question 29

3 factors used in theory of planned behaviour

Answer 29

Attitude to behaviour, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control.

Question 30

Barriers to healthcare

Answer 30

Health is not a priorty
Administrative = no fixed address
Transport or access = no same day appts or cant get to GP pr further treatments.
Stigma and discrimination fear

Question 31

A homeless patient is neglecting there on-going haemoptysis, explain using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs why… 👾👾👾

Answer 31

The most basic levels of need must be met until the person can go on to attain higher levels of need.
Health is on the safety level of needs and therefore above physiological needs such as breathing, food, water, sex, sleep. The homeless patient is yet to meet these basic needs so therefore won’t attain higher needs such as health.

Question 32

Explain the Swiss Cheese Model of Error 🧀🥨🥖🍞🥯🥐🧀🧀🧀🧀

Answer 32

The layers of cheese in the swiss cheese model are defensive barriers against error occurring.
However the cheese has holes which are opportunities for the barrier to fail. In a never event the holes are aligned so all the safety net barriers are futile leading to an error.
It allows an initial problem at the beginning of the system to progress and adversely affect the outcome.

Question 33

Psych condition when sat you have symptoms to attain the Sick Role Behaviour

Answer 33

Munchausen’s