Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LF131 > Food, water + microbiology > Flashcards

Food, water + microbiology Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Sewage treatment steps

A
  1. Raw sewage passed through screens
  2. Clarifying ponds
  3. Raw sewage removed
  4. Effluent put in aeration tanks
  5. Bacteria used to break down excreta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural processing

A

Waste separated by evaporation + rainfall
Clean water collected in aquifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disinfection of bottled water

A
  1. Ozone exposure to kill bacteria
  2. Filtration to remove particulate
  3. Reverse osmosis to remove naturally occurring salts + minerals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Indicator organisms - water

A

Campylobacter
Norovirus
Crytosporidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacterial waterborne diseases

A

Vibrio cholerae
E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viral waterbourne diseases

A

Norovirus
Rotovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Protozoan waterborne diseases

A

Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Norovirus

A

Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
Undergoes antigenic variation
Mutations increase transmission
Contagious - sheds viral particles
Endemic but seasonally epidemic in winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cryptosporidium types

A

C.parvum
C.homonins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Risk factor of young + immunocompromised
Spread via oocytes
Caught at zoos + pools
Seasonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cryptosporidium lifecycle

A
  1. Excystation - oocyte breaks open in host gut
  2. Adhesion/locomotion
  3. Invasion
  4. Intracellular multiplication/survival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intrinsic food preservation

A

Using factors already present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intrinsic preservation examples

A

Water activity
pH
Antimicrobials
Competitive microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extrinsic food preservation

A

Control of external factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extrinsic preservation examples

A

Heat
Low temperature
Modified atmosphere packaging
Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Salmonella spp

A

Sugar -> lactic acid
Contains invasion proteins + LPS
Found in bird intestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gastroenteritis - salmonella

A

Moderate
Gut infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Typhoid fever - salmonella

A

Fatal
Infection of several organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

In GI tract of red meats + poultry
Colonisation enzymes, adherence/invasion factors, flagellum, toxin (Cdt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram + rod
Resistant
Low incidence, high mortality
Biofilm, haemolytic, adhesion/invasion factors, flagella

21
Q

Non invasive L.monocytogenes

Study These Flashcards
A

GI tract infection

22
Q

Invasive L.monocytogenes

Study These Flashcards
A

Infection of blood, CNS and brain
Elderly + pregnant risk groups

23
Q

E.coli

Study These Flashcards
A

LPS, flagella, shin like toxin
Elderly + newborn risk groups

24
Q

Enterohaemhorragic E.coli

Study These Flashcards
A

Colon infection
Extreme danger

25
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Gut infection
26
HACCP
Hazard assesment Critical control points
27
Millard reaction
a.a -> reducing sugars -> glycosylamine + water -> ketosamines Taste due phenolic groups
28
Shire foods solution
Spiral blast chillers Microwave radiometry
29
Pate case study
Area impacted due to radiation Implementation of HACCP reduced levels to standard
30
Cantaloupe case study
L.monocytogenes outbreak in USA
31
Nosocomial infection types
1. Central line associated bloodstream 2. Catheter associated UTIs 3. Pneumonia (ventilator associated) 4. Surgical site infections (SSI) 5. GI infections
32
C.diff
Faeco oral Spores Glucocosyltransferase toxin Risk factors of antibiotics, gastric acid suppressants, co morbidity Treatment: vancomycin, bleach cleaning, isolation
33
Klebsiella spp
Biofilm production Transmission from person to person or though contaminated ventilator + catheter High mortality Carbapenem treatment (can be resistant)
34
CAP
Pneumonia S.pneumoniae Risk factors of age, male gender + co-morbidity Antibiotic treatment Vaccines (PCV, PPV)
35
Vaginal birth bacteria present
More bacteroidetes than firmicutes
36
Breast milk bacteria present
Bifidobacteria Oligosaccharides
37
Infant bacteria present
Actinobacteria + firmicutes
38
Old age bacteria present
Firmicutes
39
Obesity bacteria present
Higher firmicutes Lower bacteroidetes
40
Probiotics
Live
41
Prebiotics
Non-digestable blood components
42
FMT
Faecal microbiota transplantation C.diff treatment
43
Origin of most antibiotics
Secondary metabolites of actinobacteria
44
AMPs
Naturally produced Form pores in bacterial PM Kill quicker than bacteria so reduced resistance Can be destroyed by body
45
Bacteriocins
Produced to target + kill other bacteria Defence + competition
46
Bacteriophages
Endolysin production - break down PG to release phage at end of lytic cycle Self replicating + highly specific Mutations in receptors/DNA/CRISPR evasion
47
Escapin
Produced by sea horses
48
Chitosan
Produced by crustaceans
49
L a.a oxidises
Snake (venom)

LF131 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions