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Kinesiology > Foot And Ankle > Flashcards

Foot And Ankle Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Crucial that the foot is ———- to provide an appropriate BOS

A

Stable

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2
Q

Foot functions as a ———- ————

Pushing off when walking, running or jumping

A

Rigid lever

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3
Q

The foot must also be ———- enough to accommodate and adapt to uneven terrain & —————- ———-when foot hits the ground

A

Mobile

Absorb shock

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4
Q

The ankle complex includes what jts

A 
Proximal tibiofibular joint
Distal tibiofibular joint
Talocrural joint (ankle joint)
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5
Q

The foot includes what jts

A 
Talocalcaneal joint (subtalar joint)
Transverse Tarsal Joint  (Talonavicular,Calcaneocuboid)
Tarsometatrsal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Interphalengeal joints
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6
Q

What are the 3 functional segments of the foot?

A 
Hindfoot (rearfoot)
-Talus
-Calcaneus
Midfoot
-Navicular
-Cuboid
-3 cuneiform bones
Forefoot
-Metatarsals 
-Phalanges
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7
Q

The proximal tibiofibular jt is a ——- jt and the distal tibiofibular jt is a ——— jt

A

Plane synovial

Synarthrosis

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8
Q

Unlike the proximal tibiofibular jt, the distal tibiofibular jt does not have a….
Instead it is stabilized by an

A

Jt capsule

Interosseous membrane

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9
Q

What is a high ankle sprain

A

Injury in the distal tibiofibular jt when the talus of forcefully laterally rotated within the ankle mortise

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10
Q

Closed packed position of the proximal/distal tibiofibular jt

A

Max dorsiflexion

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11
Q

Open packed position of the proximal/distal tibiofibular jts

A

10 deg plantar flexion

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12
Q

Describe the talocrural jt

A

Hinge jt between the ankle mortise (tibia/fibula) and talus

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13
Q

What are the passive structures of the talocrural jt

A 
Medial collateral (deltoid) lig
Lateral collateral lig
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14
Q

Describe the deltoid lig

A

Extremely strong lig that helps limit eversion/pronation

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15
Q

The lateral collateral lig at the ankle is a combo of what ligs

A

Anterior talofibular lig
Calcaneofibular lig
Posterior talofibular lig

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16
Q

Function of the lateral collateral lig at the ankle

A

Limit inversion/supination

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17
Q

What active structures limit plantar flexion

A

Tib anterior
Extensor hallucis Longus
Extensor digitorum Longus

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18
Q

What active structures limit dorsiflexion

A

Gastric and soleus

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19
Q

What active structures assist the MCL

A

Tib posterior
Flexor hallucis Longus
Flexor digitorum Longus

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20
Q

What active structures assist the LCL

A

Fibularis Longus and brevis

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21
Q

The trochlear surface of the talus is wider where?

A

Anteriorly

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22
Q

Describe the osteo and Arthrokinematics of the talocrural jt

A

Dorsiflexion- anterior roll and posterior glide

Plantarflexion- posterior roll and anterior glide

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23
Q

What is the closed packed position the talocrural jt

A

Max dorsiflexion

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24
Q

What is the open packed position of the talocrural jt

A

10 deg plantar flexion

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25
What is the capsular pattern of the talocrural jt
Plantarflexion > dorsiflexion
26
Pronation allows for __________, while full supination __________ the bones of the foot
Mobility Locks
27
What are the three plantar arches of the foot? | These arches are fully integrated to _______ the dynamic function of the foot.
Medial, longitudinal, and transverse | Enhance
28
The __________ arch is typically higher than the _________ arch
Medial | Lateral
29
What helps stabilize/support plantar arches
Shape of bones, ligaments, and muscles.
30
Describe how the plantar arches help mobility of the foot
Allows the foot to …. Dampen impact of weight-bearing forces Dampen superimposed rotational motions Adapt to changes in supporting surfaces and terrain
31
The plantar arches help stabilize the foot to allow
Distribution of weight through the foot for proper weight-bearing Convert the flexible foot to a rigid lever
32
Describe the plantar fascia
Runs almost entire length of foot and important for arch support From beginning to end of stance during gait tension in plantar fascia increases
33
Windlass effect
the manner by which the plantar fascia supports | the foot during WB activities
34
Pew planud is also called
Flat feet
35
Describe the subtalar jt
3 plane type synovial jt between the talus and calcaneus
36
The subtalar jt has 3 articulations. What are they and which is the largest?
Posterior, anterior, and medial Posterior
37
Describe the subtalar jt axis
Axis is approximately half way between longitudinal and vertical This oblique axis results in triplanar motion
38
What are the main motions at the subtalar jt
Inversion/eversion | Add/abd
39
What motions are coupled at the subtalar jt to result in supination in an open kinetic chain
Inversion Adduction Slight PF
40
What motions are coupled at the subtalar jt to result in pronation in an open kinetic chain
Eversion Abduction slight DF
41
Valgus movement of the calcaneus is also described as
Pronation
42
Varus movement at the subtalar jt is also called
Inversion and adduction
43
What motions can be observed at the subtalar jt
Inversion/eversion Abd/add Slight DF/PF
44
What motions can the Calcaneus do in wt bearing
Inversion/eversion
45
In closed chain supination, the calcaneus ——— and in pronation ———-
Inverts | Everts
46
In Wbing subtalar pronation leads to ______________ of the leg that may influence knee and/or hip
Medial rotation of the leg
47
In Wbing subtalar supination leads to ————————— of the leg that may influence knee and/or hip
Lateral rot
48
What is the closed packed position of the subtalar jt is
Full eversion
49
Open packed position of the subtalar jt
Mid inversion/eversion and mid PF/DF
50
The rom of the subtalar jt is
5* inversion and eversion
51
The transverse tarsal jt is a
Modified ovoid jt between the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid
52
Coupled motion at the transverse tarsal jt results in
Sup/pron
53
Function of the transverse tarsal jt
Add to supination/pronation ROM of subtalar joint | Compensate at the forefoot for hindfoot position in closed chain
54
What is the closed packed position of the transverse tarsal jt
Supination
55
Open packed position of the transverse tarsal jt is
Mid range of supination / pronation
56
Each metatarsal jt has its own …..
Unique axis of motion
57
Functions of the tarsometstarsal jt
Regulates position of the forefoot in relation to wt bearing surface
58
Substantial weight-bearing pronation of the hindfoot results in ___________ of the transverse tarsal joint to counter rotate the forefoot. To remain On the ground, the TMT jts mus undergo counteracting __________
Supination Supination twist
59
Full subtalar supination results in __________ at the transverse tarsal joint! At this point, the forefoot must perform a _________ in order to maintain contact with the ground
Supination Pronation twist
60
Describe the metatarsalphalangeal jt
Condyloid jt btw Convex heads of metatarsals and concave base of proximal phalanges
61
Function of the metatarsalphalangeal jt
weight bearing function is to primarily allow the foot to rotate over the toes through MTP extension (metatarsal break) when rising on toes or during walking
62
Osteokinematics of metatarsalphalangeal jts
Flex/ext | Abd/add
63
Arthrokinematics of flex/ext at metatarsalphalangeal jt
Flexion: Plantar roll and glide Extension: Dorsal roll and glide
64
Arthrokinematics of add/abd at metatarsalphalangeal jt
Abduction: Roll and glide same direction (reference point is second toe) Adduction: Roll and glide same direction (reference point is second toe)
65
Closed packed position of the metatarsalphalangeal jt
Full ext
66
Open packed position of the metatarsalphalangeal jt
10 deg ext
67
Capsular pattern of metatarsalphalangeal jt
1st MTP Extension>flexion; 2-5 loss of flexion
68
Describe Hallux limitus
Posttraumatic condition marked by gradual and significant limitation of motion, articular degeneration and pain
69
Turf toe is the most common MOI (forceful flexion) causing
Hallux limitus
70
Describe hallux valgus (bunion)
Progressive lateral deviation of great toe
71
Function of interplalangeal jts of the toes
Maintain stability by pressing against the ground in standing
72
Describe Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics of the IP jts of the toes
Flexion: plantar roll and glide Extension: dorsal roll and glide
73
What is the difference between pies planus and peas cavus
Planus- dropped medial longitudinal arch | Cavus- raised medial longitudinal arch
74
—————— or ————— in stance places excessive demands on tibialis posterior Causing…
Excessive or rapid pronation | Tendinopathy, muscle fatigue
75
Function of Tibialis Posterior in Stance Phase of Ambulation
Decelerates pronating rearfoot in loading response | ———Results in gradual and controlled lowering of medial longitudinal arch & Absorbs some of the impact from loading

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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