Elbow Complex

Question 1

What are the jt of the elbow complex

Answer 1

Elbow- humeroulnar and humeroradial

Proximal and distal radioulnar

Question 2

Describe the elbow jt

Answer 2

Modified hinge jt between
Trochlear notch of ulna & trochlea of humerus (humeroulnar)
And
Head of radius and capitulum of humerus (humeroradial)

Question 3

What jts are in the elbow jt capsule

Answer 3

Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar

Question 4

The elbow jt capsule is loose and weak where?

Answer 4

Anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 5

The elbow jt capsule is reinforced laterally by the …

Answer 5

Collateral ligaments

Question 6

Describe the carrying angle

Answer 6

Medial portion of the trochlea projects more distally than the lateral portion resulting in a Valgus angulation of the forearm

8-15 degrees

Question 7

What is the function of the carrying angle

Answer 7

Allows a person to carry an object away from side if the thigh

Question 8

The medial (ulnar) collateral ligament ins comprised of

Answer 8

Anterior, posterior, and transverse medial collateral ligaments

Question 9

Which collateral ligament stabilizes against valgus torque at the elbow and limits extension at end ROM?

Answer 9

Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

Question 10

The lateral collateral ligament complex is composed of…

Answer 10

Lateral (radial) collateral ligament
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament
Annular lig

Question 11

Which collateral ligament stabilizes against Varus torque at the elbow and combined varus and supination torques

Answer 11

Lateral collateral ligament complex

Question 12

Describe the articulation of the humeroulnar jt

Answer 12

Concave surface of trochlear notch on the convex trochlea of the humerus

Question 13

Osteokinematics of the humeroulnar jt

Answer 13

Flex/ext

Question 14

Arthrokinematics of the humeroulnar jt during flexion

Answer 14

Anterior roll, anterior glide

Question 15

Arthrokinematics of extension at the humeroulnar jt

Answer 15

Posterior roll posterior glide

Question 16

Describe the articulation at the humeroradial jt

Answer 16

Concave Radial head with the convex capitulum

Question 17

Osteokinematics of the humeroradial jt

Answer 17

Flex/ext

Question 18

Arthrokinematics of flexion and extension at the humeroradial jt

Answer 18

Flex: anterior roll and anterior glide
Extension: posterior roll, posterior glide

Question 19

What is the closed packed position at the humeroradial jt

Answer 19

90 flexion and 5 supination

Question 20

What is the closed packed position of the humeroulnar jt

Answer 20

Full ext and sup

Question 21

What is the open packed position of the humeroulnar jt

Answer 21

Flexed at 70 and supinated at 10

Question 22

What is the open packed position of the humeroradial jt

Answer 22

Full ext and sup

Question 23

Consular pattern for the elbow

Answer 23

Flexion > ext

Question 24

Describe the proximal radioulnar jt

Answer 24

Ulnar radial notch, head of radius and annular lig

Uniaxial pivot jt

Question 25

Describe the distal radioulnar jt

Answer 25

Ulnar notch of the radius with head of the ulna with an articular disc (triangular Fibrocartilage) Uniaxial pivot jt

Question 26

During pronation the proximal radioulnar jt ________________ and at the distal end the concave ulnar notch of the radius _________ around the ulnar head.

Answer 26

Rotation | Slides

Question 27

Describe the Arthrokinematics of supination at the proximal radioulnar jt.

Answer 27

Lateral rotation/spin of the head of the radius on the ulnar radial notch within the annular lig

Question 28

Describe the Arthrokinematics of pronation at the proximal radioulnar jt

Answer 28

Medial rotation/spin of the head of the radius on the ulnar radial notch within the annular lig

Question 29

Describe the Arthrokinematics of supination at the distal radioulnar jt

Answer 29

Lateral roll and glide of the concave ulnar notch of the radius on the convex head of the ulna

Question 30

Describe the Arthrokinematics of pronation

Answer 30

Medial roll and glide of the concave ulnar notch of the radius on the concave head of the ulna

Question 31

What is the closed packed position for the proximal radioulnar jt

Answer 31

5 deg. Sup

Question 32

What is the open packed position of the proximal radioulnar jt

Answer 32

70 deg of flex, 35 deg sup

Question 33

What is the capsular pattern of the radioulnar jts

Answer 33

Supination = pronation

Question 34

What is the closed packed position of the distal radioulnar jt

Answer 34

5 deg sup

Question 35

What is the open packed position of the distal radioulnar jt

Answer 35

10 deg sup

Question 36

Flexor torque is 20-25% greater when the elbow is in what position?

Answer 36

Supination

Question 37

How does the supinated position increase flexor torque?

Answer 37

It increases the flexor moment arm of the biceps and brachioradialis

Question 38

Why brachialis considered the “workhorse” of the elbow flexors?

Answer 38

Large muscle volume | Active involvement in all elbow in all types of elbow flexion (pronated or supinated)

Question 39

Elbow extension is typically combined with ____________ in explosive pushing activities. What is the synergist relationship in this case?

Answer 39

Shoulder flexion. | Anterior delt has a synergistic relationship with the triceps in this activity

Question 40

Functionally, pronation is associated with ________ and supination is associated with ________. This combo allows for hand to rotate nearly __________. Why is this important?

Answer 40

IR ER 360 deg When testing make sure pt is doing pure pron/sup (will try to cheat with ir/er)

Question 41

Which muscle generates force with supination at any angle? (Biceps or supinator)

Answer 41

Supinator

Question 42

Which supinator muscle is normally recruited in high power supination, particularly in those involving elbow flexion?

Answer 42

Biceps muscle

Question 43

During high power pronation we recruit….

Answer 43

Pronation teres

Question 44

During low power, everyday activities we use what pronator?

Answer 44

Pronator quadratus

Question 45

What is the pronator synergist relationship we see?

Answer 45

Triceps act as synergist to counter the tendency of the pronator teres to flex the elbow