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Foot & Ankle Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Bony landmarks on the calcareous??

A 
Sustenaculum Tali (medial side)
Peroneal Tubercle (lateral side)
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2
Q

Bone in the foot that has no muscle attachments??

A

Talus

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3
Q

Tarsal bone that comprises the main structure of the medial longitudinal arch??

A

Navicular

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4
Q

Primary insertion for the Posterior Tibialis??

A

Navicular

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5
Q

Most lateral distal bone of the rear foot??

A

Calcaneous

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6
Q

Which movements occur at the Subtalar joint??

A

Pronation and Supination

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7
Q

Which ligament is also referred to as the Spring ligament??

A

Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament

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8
Q

Which structure is the primary support for the Medial Longitudinal Arch??

A

Plantar Fascia

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9
Q

What motion produces the Windlass Effect??

A

Extension of the toes causes the calcaneus to come forward

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10
Q

What percent of the body’s weight is supported by the first Metatarsal head??

A

33% of body weight is supported by the first Metatarsal during normal gait

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11
Q

Redness, swelling, and pain in the great toe with no mechanism of injury, pain on palpation, but pain does not increase with toe extension??

A

Gout

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12
Q

What fungal condition would one recommend proper bathing, regularly changing socks, and keeping the area dry to help prevent the buildup of fungi??

A

Tinea Pedis (meaning “a moth foot”)

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13
Q

Common foot ailment that can be treated using Salicylic or Lactic Acid??

A

Verruca Plantaris (meaning “wart a the sole of the foot”)

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14
Q

Injury resulting in an abducted first ray at the MTP joint?

A

Hallux valgus

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15
Q

Calluses under each of the metatarsal heads. What problem does this athlete have??

A

Fallen metatarsal arch

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16
Q

A bony spur that grows off the back of the Calcaneus??

A

Retrocalcaneal Exostosis (Exostosis=A bony growth on the surface of a bone or tooth. Out of)

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17
Q

Structure that serves to provide inferior support to the talus and is generally found one thumb’s width below the medial malleolus??

A

Sustentaculum Tali

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18
Q

The Talocrural joint is another name for which joint??

A

The joint between the Talus and the distal ends of the Tibia and Fibula

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19
Q

What is the best position for the ankle when assessing PROM in the great toe??

A

15 Degrees of Plantar Flexion

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20
Q

Which nerve roots supply the foot and toes?

A

L4 - S2

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21
Q

Morton’s Neuroma is an entrapment between which two metatarsal heads?

A

2 & 3 or 3 & 4

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22
Q

Which muscular level of the foot contains the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi?

A

Superficial

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23
Q

How many structural and sesamoid bones form the foot?

A

26

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24
Q

What bones form the rearfoot?

A

Calcaneus and Talus

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25
What bones articulate with the Talus?
Distal end of Tibia, Medial Malleolus, Lateral Malleolus (Fibula), Calcaneus, & Navicular
26
Which section of the foot is composed of the Navicular, three Cuneiforms, and the cuboid bones?
Midfoot
27
What bone(s) of the foot are responsible for assisting in absorbing and redirecting weight bearing forces, reducing friction, and protecting the tendon?
Sesamoids
28
What one degree of freedom of movement is the subtalar joint responsible for?
Pronation and supination
29
How many muscles are attached to the talus?
None 0, only ligament attachments
30
What is the actual name of the "Spring Ligament"?
Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament
31
What joint is better know as the Lisfranc joint?
Tarsometatarsal joint
32
The foot's intrinsic muscles are grouped into how many layers?
4
33
What five bones form the medial longitudinal arch?
Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, 1st Cuneiform, 1st Metatarsal
34
The lateral arch is composed of what bones?
Calcaneus, cuboid, 5th metatarsal
35
Deformities that involve the progressive contracture of the interosseous or lumbrical muscles?
Claw toes
36
The tibia, fibula, and talus form what joint?
Talocrural joint
37
Sesamoids do what?
Reduce and redirect weight and protect and reduce friction in the tendons
38
Deformity that is formed by the first metatarsal being shorter than the second?
Morton's toes
39
Contractures of the associated toe extensors and flexors accompanied by an inability of the interosseous muscles to hold the proximal phalanx in the neutral position?
Hammer toes
40
What foot position can be associated with retrocalcaneal exostosis?
Rearfoot Varus
41
The navicular drop test is a quantitative measurement of what motion?
Pronation
42
Which of the following muscles is found within the second layer of intrinsic foot muscles??
Lumbricals
43
In which of the following foot postures does the rearfoot become hyper mobile, resulting in increased pronation?
Rearfoot Valgus
44
What muscles are found in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris
45
(True or False) The fibula provides medial stability to the ankle mortise?
False, lateral support
46
Why is the ankle more stable in dorsilflexion than plantar flexion//
The anterior surface of the talus is broader than the posterior surface
47
What is the primary differences between traumatic compartment syndrome and exertional compartment syndrome and exodrome and exertional compartment syndrome?
Onset of the injury
48
What is the normal AROM for ankle plantar flexion?
0-50
49
The anterior drawer test is used to evaluate what ligament?
ATF anterior talofibular lig
50
What is the appropriate position of the foot to perform a Kleiger test?
Externally rotate the foot and talus while foot is in neutral position to test the deltoid ligs. Dorsi flex the foot and externally rotate to test the anterior inferior tibiofibular lig. Stablize leg during test
51
What is the closed-pack position of the ankle??
maximal dorsiflexion
52
What ligament in the ankle is an extra capsular ankle ligament?
Calcaneofibular
53
Most common mechanism of injury for the tib-fib joint?
Dorsiflexion and eversion
54
The anterior compartment contains what muscles??
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Tertius
55
The lateral compartment contains what muscles?
Peroneus Longus | Peroneus Brevis
56
Muscle of the deep posterior compartment that is responsible for controlling pronation?
Tibialis Posterior
57
Point tenderness in the area of the shin is indicative of what?
Stress fractures
58
(True or False) Increase in dorsiflexion strength is a sign of anterior compartment syndrome
False
59
Which structure disappears due to edema with an ankle sprain?
Sinus Tarsi
60
What neural structure can be palpated just posterior to the fibular head?
Peroneal Nerve
61
Normal end-feel for plantar flexion?
Firm
62
Ligament is assessed with the talar tilt test for inversion?
CF Calcaneofibular Ligament
63
Ligament is assessed with the talar tilt test for eversion?
Deltoid Ligament
64
Pulse point assessed posterior to the medial malleolus?
Posterior Tibial Artery
65
How long before stress fractures are visible on an x-ray?
3 weeks
66
(True or False) The Fibula is the primary weight-bearing bone in the leg?
False, the Tibia is
67
The articulation of what three bones forms the talocrural joint?
Talus, Tibia, and Fibula
68
The Talocrural joint has one degree of freedom that results in which two movements?
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
69
The anterior talofibular ligament limits anterior translation of the talus on the tibia and tightens to provide support during what motion?
Plantar Flexion
70
What are the deltoid ligaments?
Anterior Tibiotalar lig Posterior Tibiotalar lig Tibiocalcaneal lig Tibionavicular lig
71
Two ligaments of the collective deltoid ligament that tighten during dorsiflexion of the ankle?
Posterior Tibiotalar lig and Tibiocalcaneal lig
72
The Tibial nerve is located in which of the four leg compartments??
Deep posterior compartment
73
The super fiscal Peroneal nerve supplies innervation to which leg compartment?
Lateral compartment
74
The distal tip of the lateral Malleolus is the origin of what ankle ligament?
Calcanealfibular ligament
75
The ankle must be in what position to palpate the doom o the talus??
Plantar flexed and inverted
76
Rearfoot innverssion and eversion range of motion allows ___ degrees of inversion from the neutral position and _____ degrees of eversion from neutral
20, and 5
77
Joint stability tests are most accurate when they are performed how many days following the injury??
4 7 day
78
Special test is used to evaluate the lateral translation of the talus in the ankle morose?
Cotton test
79
Distal tibiodibular joint playin used to identify what direction of stability of the distal syndesmosis??
Anterior and posterior
80
The open packed position of the ankle complex, is a combination of what two motions?
Plantar flexion and inversion
81
Correct hand positioning for the anterior drawer test places the ankle in ___ to ___ degrees of plantar flexion.
10 to 20
82
Correct patient positioning for the Thompson test??
Prone with the foot off table
83
What is the normal AROM for dorsiflexion?
0-20 degrees
84
When would you use the Kleiger's test?
Evaluate a syndesmotic sprain and deltoid sprain
85
What is the metatarsal load test used for?
To rule out a fracture of the tarsal or MT
86
The talar tilt test can be done in three positions laterally; which test what?
Plantarflexion-Inversion=ATF Neutral-Inversion=CF DF-Inversion=PTF
87
How many sesamoid bones are in the foot?
2-3 usually; at the base of the 1st MT
88
What does the DF compression test, or forced DF test evaluate?
Syndesmosi Integrity
89
Where is the dermatome L5
Great Toe
90
Where is the dermatome S1?
Toes 2-5
91
Where is the dermatome S2?
Heel
92
What is the myotome test for L4?
Dorsiflexion
93
What is the myotome test for L5?
Great Toe Extension
94
What is the myotome test for S1?
Toe Flexion/Gas pedal
95
What is the Myotome test forS2?
Plantarflexion or knee flexion

Lower Eval (7 decks)

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