Knee Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Degree of knee flexion where the patella is firmly seated in the trochlear groove?
A
30 Degrees
2
Q
Primary muscle responsible for preventing lateral patellar subluxation?
A
Vastus Medialis
3
Q
A high-riding patella is known as what type of patella?
A
Patella Alta
4
Q
Knee malalignment which causes excessive lateral forces, which increases the pressure on the medial and odd facets?
A
Genu Valgum
5
Q
What malalignment causes a hypermobile patella?
A
Genu Recurvatum
6
Q
A Q angle when short sitting more than ______ degrees, the person is susceptible to lateral tracking.
A
10 Dgrees
7
Q
What bursa may be preferentially injured in wrestlers and possible catchers?
A
Prepatellar Bursa
8
Q
(True or False) Tight hamstring will increase patellofemoral joint force?
A
TRUE
9
Q
Internal rotation of the tibia has what effect on Q angle?
A
It decreases Q angle
10
Q
What muscles are in the hamstring muscle group?
A
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris
11
Q
What effect does effusion have on patellar tracking?
A
Decreases the firing pattern of VMO and VLO and therefore disrupts patellar tracking.
12
Q
What are the two discrete segments of the ACL?
A
Anteromedial bundle and posterolateral bundle
13
Q
What structure limits medial glide of the patella?
A
Lateral retinaculum
14
Q
A positive Clark sign is indicative of what condition?
A
Chondromalacia
15
Q
What special test is used to evaluate the LCL?
A
Varus Stress Test
16
Q
(True or False) Men are more prone to ACL injury than women?
A
False
17
Q
What injury is indicated by a positive apprehension test?
A
Patellar subluxation/dislocation
18
Q
(True or False) Cortisone injections can weaken tendons and ligaments over time?
A
True
19
Q
High riding and laterally sitting patellas is what kind of alignment problem?
A
“Frog-eyed” patella
20
Q
Which patellar alignment problem would explain a congenitally short patellar tendon?
A
Patella Baja
21
Q
What is the Q angle/how is it measured?
A
Q angle is the angle formed by a line drawn from the ASIS to central patella and a second line drawn from central patella to tibial tubercle;
- an increased Q angle is a risk factor for patellar subluxation; - normally Q angle is 13 deg for males and 18 deg for females
22
Q
When performing a patellar tilt assessment, a patella that tilts more than _____ is considered hypermobile.
A
15degrees
23
Q
What are the landmarks to measure the Q angle?
A
Proximal arm: ASIS
Axis: Midpoint of patella
Distal arm: Tibial tuberosity
24
Q
At what position of knee flexion does the largest amount of patellofemoral articulation occur?
A
90degrees
25
The stutter test is used to evaluate what condition?
Medial synovial plica
26
Acute meniscal tears are a result of what two motions?
Rotation and flexion of knee
27
What structure helps to maintain the patella's position and originates off the vastus laterals tendon and the IT band?
Lateral retinaculum
28
What ligamentous structure is a primary restraint against lateral patellar displacement, especially in the inferior direction?
Medial petellofemoral ligament
29
What bursa lies deep at the distal end of the quadriceps femurs muscle group and is an extension of the knee's joint capsule?
Suprapatellar bursa
30
Which bursa is located between the patellar tendon and the tibia?
Deep infrapatellar bursa
31
What lower extremity posture places an increased compressive force on the lateral patellar facet?
Genu Varum
32
What lower extremity posture places additional pressure on the superior Articular surfaces?
Genu recurvatum
33
The Articular surface of the patella can be divided into what three facets?
Lateral facet, medial facet, odd facet
34
What sign is described by the knee moving from flexion into extension, the patella glides superiorly and tracks slightly laterally?
J sign
35
What trauma induced or congenital defect results in a patella that may be in two pieces?
Bipartite patella
36
What condition occurs at the insertion of the patellar tendon into the inferior pole and is caused by a stress fracture or avulsion due to repetitive forces?
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease
37
A normal fold of the fibrous membrane that projects into the joint cavity?
Synovial Plica
38
At what degree of flexion is the odd facet of the patella in contact with the femoral trochlear groove?
135degrees
39
At what degree of flexion is the inferior portion of the patellar facets in contact with the femoral trochlear groove?
20degrees
40
What is the best position for palpating the popliteus tendon?
Figure 4 position
41
What patellar malalignnment results in increased patellar mobility, decreased quadriceps strength, and increased patellofemoral compressive forces?
Patella Alta
42
What patella malalignment has the patella positioned medially?
Squinting patella
43
What structures are involved in a terrible triad injury of the knee?
ACL, MCL, meniscus
44
During open-chained kinetic exercise, at what ROM is the strain on the ACL the greatest?
0 to 30 degrees of extension
45
What is the strongest ligament of the knee and the primary stabilizer?
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
46
What muscle is responsible for "unscrewing" the tibia?
Popliteus
47
On what bony structure does the iliotibial band insert?
Gerdy's tubercle
48
Which of the following is the function of the IT band?
At 30degrees of flexion, the IT band becomes a knee flexor
49
What muscles are included in the per anserine group?
Gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus
50
What nerve roots lead to innervation of the knee?
L3-S2
51
Which force is the most disruptive to the collateral knee ligaments?
Tension
52
When assessing swelling in the knee, measurements taken above the joint line are used to measure what?
atrophy
53
What injury is indicated by an enlargement of the tibial tubercle?
Osgood-schlatter disease
54
An injury to what ligament indicates a positive Sag sign?
PCL
55
Which of the following is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?
ASIS and pes anserine tendon
56
At which degree should the knee be placed in order to palpate the menisci?
45degrees of flexion
57
Injury to which of the ligaments would cause edema instead of effusion?
LCL
58
What is indicated by a ballotable patella?
Knee effusion
59
(True or False) A side effect of knee surgery is an increase of knee extension>
False
60
In what position should the knee be to perform the anterior drawer test?
90degrees of knee flexion
61
What injury is assessed using the noble compression test?
IT band syndrome
62
An athlete with a dislocated knee cap will present with the knee in what position?
Flexion
63
What is the end-feel for knee extension?
Firm
64
Which of the following is a bony ridge spanning the length of the posterior aspect of the femur?
Linea aspera
65
What bony landmark divides the medial and lateral condyles?
Intercondyler notch
66
What bony landmark allows the patella to glide through it as the knee flexes and extends?
Femoral trochlea, trochler notch
67
The tibiofemoral joint allows for how many degrees of freedom of movement?
3degrees
68
What ligament does not attach to the joint capsule or meniscus and arises from one of the condyles?
LCL
69
What ligament arises from the anteromedial intercondylar eminence of the tibia?
ACL
70
What kind of force does the MCL stabilize against?
Valgus Force
71
What motions does the ACL stabilize against?
Hyperextension of the tibia on the femur
72
Which part of the joint capsule is supported by the arcuate ligament
Posterolateral
73
What ligament(s) attaches both menisci to the tibia at their peripheries?
Coronary ligament
74
What ligament(s) attaches the anterior horns of both menisci?
Transverse ligament
75
What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius
76
What single muscle externally rotates the knee and attaches to the iliotibial band, Gerdy's tubercle, LCL, and posterolateral capsule?
Biceps femoris
77
What muscles are in the per anserine muscle group?
Semitendinosus, Gracilis, Sartorius
78
At what degree of knee flexion does the IT band shift behind the lateral femoral epicondyle, giving it a knee flexor angle of pull?
30degrees
79
What ligament can be palpated easily by placing the knee in 90 degrees of flexion and externally rotating and abducting the hip?
LCL
80
Approximately how many degrees is the normal arc-of-motion for knee flexion?
135degrees to 145degrees
81
The best examination technique for detecting whether or not an ACL sprain is present?
Lachman's test
82
How many degrees should the knee be placed to isolate the MCL for the valgus stress test?
25degrees
83
Popliteus
Origin - Lateral femoral condyle
| Insertion - Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line
84
Gracilis
Origin - Inferior rams of pubis
| Insertion - Medial proximal tibia at the pes anserine tendon
85
Sartorius
Origin - ASIS
| Insertion - Medial proximal tibia at the the per anserine tendon
86
Vastus Medialis
Origin - Medial linea aspera, lower trochanter line
| Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
87
Vastus Intermedius
Origin - Lateral surface of femur, lower linea aspera
| Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
88
Vastus Lateralis
Origin - Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
| Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
89
Rectus femoris
Origin - AIIS
| Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
90
Biceps Femoris
Origin - Ischial tuberosity and sarcotuberous ligament (long head), linea aspera and supracondylar line (short head)
Insertion - head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle
91
Semimembranosus
Origin - Ischial tuberosity
| Insertion - Medial condyle of tibia
92
Semitendinosus
Origin - Ischial tuberosity
| Insertion - Medial proximal surface of tibia at the per anserine tendon
93
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Origin - Anterior iliac crest, anterior ilium
| Insertion - Iliotibial tract, Gerdy's tubercle
94
Gastrocnemius
Origin - Posterior medial femoral condyle (medial head), posterior surface of lateral femoral condyle (lateral head)
Insertion - The calcaneous via achilles tendon
95
What muscles make up the Quadricep muscle group?
Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastu Intermedialis, Vastus lateralis
96
What muscles make up the Hamstring muscle group?
Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Biceps femoris
97
What muscles make up the per anserine group?
Gracilis, Sartorius, and Semitendinosus
98
Poplitieus Action
Open Chain - Internal tibial rotation & knee flexion
| Closed Chain - External femoral rotation & knee flexion
99
Gracilis Action
Knee flexion, Internal tibial rotation, hip adduction
100
Sartorius Action
Knee flexion, Internal tibial rotation, hip abduction, hip external rotation
101
Vastus Medialis Action
Knee extension
102
Vastus Intermedius Action
Knee extension
103
Vastus Lateralis Action
Knee extension
104
Rectus Femoris Action
Knee extension, hip flexion
105
Bicep Femoris Action
Knee flexion, external tibial rotation, hip extension, and hip external rotation
106
Semimembranosus Action
Knee flexion, internal tibial rotation, hip extension, and hip internal rotation
107
Semitendinosus Action
Knee flexion, internal tibial rotation, hip extension, and hip internal rotation
108
Tensor Fasciae Latae Action
Counteracts pull of gluteus maximus, assists with flexion, abduction, and medial rotation of the thigh
109
Gastrocnemius Action
Assists knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
