Foot/Ankle

Question 1

What % of the pop has foot probs

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

What mvmt does the tibiofibular jt allow for

Answer 2

small spread of 1-2mm to allow dorsiflexion

Question 3

how much weight of the body does the fibula hold

Answer 3

17% (more when dorsiflexed)

Question 4

What mvmt does the talocrural jt allow for

Answer 4

very mobile in PF

stable in DF

Question 5

What ligs support the medial talocrural jt and what do they resistq

Answer 5

deltoid ligament- resist talar abduction, lat translation + lat rotation

Question 6

What ligs support the lateral talocrural jt and what do they resist

Answer 6

ATFL- mc strained in plantar flex

CFL- neutral foot for strain

PTFL- resists df, adduction and medial translation of talus

Question 7

When is the subtler jt in closed packed pos

Answer 7

sup

Question 8

what are the 4 sets on jts in the midfoot

Answer 8

1. Tarsometatarsal
2. Intermetatarsal
3. Metatarsophalangeak
4. Interphalangeal

Question 9

How does supination occur in the foot

Answer 9

inversion rot of calcareous/hindfoot, forfoot adduction and inward rot of tarsometatarsal jt

Question 10

How does pronation occur in the foot

Answer 10

Evenersion rot of calcareous, forfoot abduction, outward rot of tarsometatarsal jt

Question 11

What is the normal fick angle

Answer 11

12-18

Question 12

What is the haggling deformity

Answer 12

calcification on calcareous

Question 13

What is bunionettes bunion

Answer 13

prominence of lat aspect of the 5th toe metatarsal head

Question 14

What is claw toes and why does it occur

Answer 14

hypertext of the MTP jt and flex of PIP and DIPS

-caused by defective lumbricles and interosseous mm

Question 15

What is crossover toe and why does it occur

Answer 15

medial deviation in 2nd/3rd toes

-weakening of lat collateral lig MTP jt and insufiencency of plantar plate

Question 16

what is curly toe and what is it due to

Answer 16

Flexion of both PIP and DIPs with MTP jt neutral

due to contracture of FDB and FDL tendons

Question 17

What is equines deformity and what is it due to

Answer 17

limited DF of talocrural jt

from contracture of gastric, soles, Achilles

(leads to excessive pronation at subtler jt)

Question 18

What it the pathogenesis of exostosis and mc loc

Answer 18

increased bone mass @ site of irrative lesion due to overuse

mc- dorsal TMT jt and head of 5th , calcaneous

Question 19

What is hallux rigidus and what is it due to

Answer 19

DF of great toe limited by OA of MTP jt

Question 20

What is hammer toe and what is it due to

Answer 20

extension contracture @ MTP jt and flexion contracture at PIP

-interosseus mm lose there flexion effect on prox phalanx

Question 21

What is mallet toe

Answer 21

flexion deformity of DIP on any of the lateral 4 toes

Question 22

What is metatarsus adductus- who is it common in, how to resolve

Answer 22

mc foot dev in kids
-foot appears adducted and sup

-85-90% resolve spontaneously

Question 23

what is mortons foot

Answer 23

2nd toe longer than the first

Question 24

What is mortons metatarsalgia and what is it due to

Answer 24

Formation of interdigital neuroma due to injury to an interdigital nerve (typically bw 3-4th toes)

*pain bw bones)

Question 25

What is plantar flexed first ray- congenital and aquired cause

Answer 25

big toe lies lower than other 4 congenital- caves foot acquired- compensation for tibia varum

Question 26

What is rocker bottom foot and how is it dx

Answer 26

foorfoot is dorsiflexed in the hind foot | -med/lat arches absent

Question 27

what is turf toe and what is it due to

Answer 27

Hyperextension injury combined with compressive loading to the MTP jt of hallux

Question 28

Grade I, II, III lat ankle sprain- what is affected + recovery times

Answer 28

I- mild stretch usually ATFL, recovery 8 days II- complete tear ATFL or partial ATFL+CFL, 20 days III- Complete tear ATFL, ant capsul, CFL, 40 days

Question 29

Anterolat ankle impingement clinical prediction rules

Answer 29

5/6 - antlat ankle jt tenderness - antlat ankle jt swelling - pain on forced dorsiflex - pain on affected side w single leg squat - pain w activities - abscence of ankle instability

Question 30

Syndesmosis injuries- mc spot and tests

Answer 30

mc medially - look for pain at the syndesmosis that may extend prox - inability to bear weight - may or may not have swelling - MRI best for imaging - EXT rot test/ squeeze test/ heal thump test

Question 31

What will indvs with achilles tendon tear have at rest

Answer 31

more dorsiflexed w in prone pos

Question 32

What is associated with achilles tendon tears

Answer 32

high % of ruptures show signs of tendinopathy

Question 33

typical presentation of plantar fascitis

Answer 33

- heal pain in AM or after not moving - pain to palpation of plantar calcanea region - pain w dorsiflexion

Question 34

mc sites of deep peroneal nerve entrapment and what does it cause

Answer 34

sup/inf extensor retinaculum | -loss of dorsiflexion

Question 35

when is the superficial peroneal nerve affected

Answer 35

typically from inversion sprain

Question 36

What does the tibial n supply and if compressed @ tarsal tunnel/ knee what occurs

Answer 36

supplies entire post leg and plantar foot tarsal tunnel- pain over medial ankle knee- lose PF, inversion, toe flex, ad/ab

Question 37

Which nerve causes pain along the longitudinal arch

Answer 37

medial plantar nerve

Question 38

What does lateral plantar nerve injury cause

Answer 38

chronic, dull, aching heal pain accentuated by walking/running but no numbness