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Taping and Splinting > Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg > Flashcards

Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What structures can be damaged with an ankle sprain?

A
  • Anterior talofibular ligament.
  • Calcaneofibular ligament.
  • Deltoid ligaments.
  • Talus.
  • Tibia.
  • Fibula.
  • Mid-foot/5th metatarsal.
  • Tendons (deep flexors, peroneals).
  • Lis franc injury.
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2
Q

What is the purpose of an acute ankle wrap?

A
  • Used to control swelling/effusion.
  • Provides mid support and aid in reducing range of motion.
  • More effective for effusion if pads are placed medially and laterally.
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3
Q

What is functional testing?

A

Movements done that are necessary for a specific sport/activity.

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4
Q

What is an inversion sprain?

A
  • Most common.

- Injury to anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and/or posterior talofibular ligaments.

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5
Q

What in an eversion sprain?

A

Injury to deltoid ligament.

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6
Q

What is a syndesmosis sprain?

A

Injury to anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a closed basket weave taping?

A
  • Prevent and treat inversion and eversion sprains.
  • Provide moderate support.
  • Reduce range of motion.
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8
Q

What are the components of a closed basket weave taping?

A
  • Anchors.
  • Stirrups.
  • Figure 8’s.
  • Heel locks.
  • Closing strips.
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9
Q

What is a turf toe injury?

A

Metatarsal phalangeal joint hyperextension.

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10
Q

What is another injury that may be aided by turf toe taping?

A

Hallux limitus/Hallux rigidus

  • A form of degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint.
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11
Q

What is the goal of turf toe taping?

A

Prevent hyperextension of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint and therefore keeping the joint out of the painful range of motion.

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12
Q

What are the uses of achilles tendon taping?

A
  • Achilles tendinopathy.
  • Calf strain.
  • Anterior ankle joint contusion/hyperdorsiflexion.
  • High ankle sprain in conjunction with regular ankle taping.
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13
Q

What is the goal of achilles tendon taping?

A

Support the achilles tendon and gastrocnemius/soleus complex by creating a ‘secondary’ tendon to help take pressure off the real achilles tendon.

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14
Q

What structures does arch taping support?

A
  • Plantarfascia.
  • Spring ligament (calcaneo-navicular).
  • Medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal ligament.
  • Transverse arch.
  • Tendons (deep flexors).
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15
Q

What is the goal of arch taping?

A

Support the arches of the foot and reduces stresses caused by certain foot mechanics on proximal structures.

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16
Q

What are the components of arch taping?

A
  • Anchors.
  • Heel protection.
  • Support strips.
  • Low-dye strips.
  • Closing strips.
17
Q

What structures does MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping support?

A
  • Periosteum.
  • Deep flexor muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis).
  • Soleus.
18
Q

What is the goal of MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping?

A

Apply pressure directly over the tender area.

19
Q

What are the components of MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping?

A
  • Adhesive felt or PPT pressure pad.

- Spiral strips.

20
Q

What are the key points of turf toe taping?

A
  • Distal anchor just proximal to interphalangeal joint.
  • Proximal anchor over mid-foot.
  • Apply support strips such that the toe is kept in a neutral position.
  • Circulation and functional check.
21
Q

What are the key points of achilles tendon taping?

A
  • Prone position.
  • Use adherent spray, apply heel/lace pad over distal achilles tendon at posterior calcaneus.
  • Apply directly to skin.
  • Should support within pain free range of motion (tape in slightly plantar flexed position).
22
Q

What are the key points of arch taping?

A
  • Use cover roll stretch/hypafix for anchors.
  • Two types of support strips (crossing strips and low-dye strips).
  • Allow foot to function in a relaxed position.
  • Avoid cupping or splaying of foot.
  • Strips should not cover the base of the 5th metatarsal.
  • Use moleskin to protect calcaneus.
23
Q

What are the key points of MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping?

A
  • Use a pressure pad for added support.
  • Spiral tape into the tender area.
  • Do not use if anterior compartment syndrome is suspected.
24
Q

What are toe separators?

A
  • Valgus or varus toes.
  • Comes in different sizes depending which toe needs support.
  • Made of gel or foam materials.
25
Q

What are bunion splints?

A
  • Often worn at night or post surgery.

- Help maintain alignment of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint.

26
Q

What are metatarsal bars?

A
  • Used to relieve pressure on the toes by decreasing extension range of motion during the push off phase.
  • The bar sits directly under the metatarsal heads.
27
Q

What are metatarsal pads?

A
  • Used to help support a fallen transverse arch.
  • Disperses force across the width of the forefoot.
  • Used to help decrease symptoms of of problems such as Morton’s neuroma, metatarsalagia and others.
28
Q

What are steel shanks/steel insoles?

A
  • Used to increase stiffness of shoes.
  • Can help decrease extension range of motion of the toes.
  • Come in half or full length.
  • Can be used instead of the turf toe taping technique.
29
Q

What are heel cups/cushions?

A
  • Often prescribed for heel pain usually due to Sever’s disease, plantarfasciitis, or heel spurs.
30
Q

What is sever’s disease?

A
  • An irritation of the growth plate at the calcaneous due to the achilles tendon pulling to much.
31
Q

What are plantarfasciitis night splints?

A
  • Used for the prolonged stretch that they provide.

- Must be used for a number of weeks as the goal is to decrease the tightness of the plantarfascia.

32
Q

What are walking boots?

A
  • Used to decrease weight bearing load on the foot and ankle.
  • Pro: rests the ankle joint by limiting range of motion.
  • Con: no arch support therefore it still allows for some mid-foot motion.
33
Q

What are the purpose of orthotics?

A
  • Reduce or control abnormal foot and lower extremity mechanics.
  • Facilitate or enhance motion in feet with functional restrictions in range of motion.
  • Accomodate for bony deformity or aide in the management of systemic conditions (ex: diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
34
Q

What are the three methods for fitting orthotics?

A
  1. Foam moulds.
  2. Computerized force plates.
  3. Casting.

Taping and Splinting (12 decks)

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