FOP Foster Notes 1

Question 1

is it more likely that we will correctly identify the cause of a failure of pregnancy in an outbreak or individual case scenario?

Answer 1

outbreak eg. abortion storm

Question 2

what is the conceptus?

Answer 2

The conceptus is the product of conception and includes the membranes, umbilical cord and embryo

Question 3

what is an embryo vs a fetus?

Answer 3

Embryos become fetuses at the time when they develop features that allow their species and sex to be determined phenotypically, or when they begin to move their body parts. This occurs at about 35 to 45 days of age in large animals.

Question 4

Embryonic mortality in the early embryonic period is often due to:

Answer 4

infections eg. postpartum endometritis

Question 5

Embryonic mortality in the late embryonic period is often due to:

Answer 5

can also be infectious, but chromosomal abnormalities account for many of these

Question 6

results/classification of death in the fetal period, broadly

Answer 6

abortion, mummification or maceration

Question 7

what does fetal maceration require?

Answer 7

bacterial infection of the fetus with liquefaction.

Question 8

what organisms commonly cause maceration in cattle?

Answer 8

-Campylobacter fetus
-Tritrichomonas foetus

> and with nonspecific endometrial infections.

Question 9

what is stillbirth?

Answer 9

the death of the fetus in the last part of gestation during the period where the fetus is independently viable.

Question 10

fetal autolytic changes after 12 hours:

Answer 10

cornea cloudy, amnionic fluid blood tinged

Question 11

fetal autolytic changes after 24 hours:

Answer 11

fluid in body cavities

Question 12

fetal autolytic changes after 36 hours:

Answer 12

gelatinous fluid in subcutis

Question 13

fetal autolytic changes after 72 hours:

Answer 13

Eyes dehydrated

Question 14

fetal autolytic changes after 144 hours:

Answer 14

carcase dehydrated, no abomasal contents

Question 15

it is generally believed that an autolysed fetus died too quickly to initiate _______ - as would occur with fetal _____ or ______.

Answer 15

died too quickly for it to initiate its own parturition – as would occur with fetal sepsis or viremia.

Question 16

common cause for fetal mummification in the horse:

Answer 16

twinning

Question 17

common cause for fetal mummification in cattle

Answer 17

Pestivirus A, B (BVDV) infection

Question 18

common cause for fetal mummification in the dog

Answer 18

Canine alphaherpesvirus 1
(Canine herpesvirus)

Question 19

common cause for fetal mummification in the cat

Answer 19

Torsion of a uterine horn

Question 20

common cause for fetal mumification in the sow

Answer 20

Ungulate parvovirus 1
(porcine parvovirus) infection

Question 21

two basic categories for samples of fetal disease processes:

Answer 21

those that would sample diseases that came via the amniotic fluid, and those that affected the fetus directly.

Question 22

sampling what fetal organs is equivalent to sampling amniotic fluid? why?

Answer 22

Amniotic fluid bathes the external surface of the fetus and is swallowed. In distress, the fluid is inhaled into the lungs. Samples of skin, eyelids, lung and glandular stomach are indirect samples of the amniotic fluid.

Question 23

abortogenic infectious agents that occue in almost all species: (11)

Answer 23

• Brucella sp
• Campylobacter sp
• Chlamydia abortus
• Coxiella burnetii
• herpesviruses
• Leptospira interrogans
• Listeria monocytogenes
• Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
• Neospora caninum
• Salmonella sp
• Toxoplasma gondii