For Final

Question 1

Fungi

Answer 1

decomposers

‘Saprophytes’

Question 2

Phylum porifera

• spicules –>
• spongin –>

Answer 2

• hard structure either CaC3 or SiO2

- glycoprotein complex

Question 3

Class anthozoa

Answer 3

• Sea anemones and corals
• Most corals require clear, warm, h20
• Less suspended stuff

Question 4

Flatworms

Answer 4

Eye spots

• exhibit negative phototaxis. Move away from light
• Regenerate lost parts

Question 5

aposomatic coloration

Answer 5

look at meh (nudibranchs)
–> warning coloration
Subclass Opisthobranchia

Question 6

Opposite of semalparity

Answer 6

is iteroparity – more than one reproductive event (class cephalopoda)

Question 7

competition

Answer 7

conflict that may arise when resources become limiting

Compete for food/nutrients, mates, space

Question 8

sexual dimorphism

Answer 8

Diff in app based on gender

Question 9

cavitation

Answer 9

• shock wave from air bubble production. order stomatopoda

Question 10

breaching in whales

Answer 10

whale leaps out of water exposing majority of body above surface

Question 11

coloration

Answer 11

the shallower an oceanic organism is, is more transparent

Question 12

pen

Answer 12

squids have internal shell called pen

Question 13

What is a fish?

Answer 13

1. Poikilothermic except for scumbrids, xiphon types “warm bodied” *
2. acoustico lateralis (lateral line) “distance touch” *
   - Ear bone called otoliths
3. swim bladder +/-
4. fins, medial at least *
5. gills, except lung fishes *
6. aquatic-except many spend time on land *

Question 14

how many species of fish?

Answer 14

33,000

Question 15

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Answer 15

Spiracles – ancestral –> H20 intake

Question 16

scutes

Answer 16

light reflectors

Question 17

sexual parasitism

Answer 17

commonly associated w deep sea anglerfish. M is much smaller than F. Males bite/attach themselves to females w jaws. His morphology disappears. In some cases circulatory systems are joined bw the two. He is dependent on her, she provides everything. The male is a sperm producing organ.

Question 18

stumpknocking

Answer 18

group of males shows off and knocks, female picks the best fitted

Question 19

cross dressers

Answer 19

female mimics. Color change

Question 20

Why d0 amphibians have no present day marine representatives?

Answer 20

lack of adaptation of kidney cause no osmotic balance

Question 21

Endemism

Answer 21

-origins at a specific site/place

Question 22

natant beach

Answer 22

beach of their birth

Question 23

what is a marine organism?

Answer 23

Aquatic (osmotic balance), 51% or more of nutrients come from marine environment, and adaptation for aquatic life

Question 24

pelagic birds

Keel

Answer 24

skeletal structure for muscular attachment

Question 25

where are penguins found?

Answer 25

Southern hemisphere

Question 26

Ontogeny

Answer 26

recapitulates phylogeny (haeckel)

Question 27

Whales- Rorqual

Answer 27

pleated throat

Question 28

gular pouch

Answer 28

pelicans use this as net to catch fish

Question 29

Ovoviviparity

Answer 29

in sharks embryos develop inside eggs and are retained in mother's body until they are ready to hatch

Question 30

salt gland

Answer 30

organ for excreting excess salts. found in elasmobranchs and some reptiles.

Question 31

vertical migration

Answer 31

vertical movement along the water column in response to ontogenic, seasonal and daily changes

Question 32

``` Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii characteristics ```

Answer 32

- jaws - cartilagenous skeleton - paired fins - 3 semicircular canals - 2 chambered heart - no gas bladder

Question 33

``` Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali ```

Answer 33

- single gill covering - no scales, no cloaca - head lateral line - feed on crustaceans, echinoids - only about 31 spp in world

Question 34

marine iguana

Answer 34

only species of lizard that lives partly in seawater

Question 35

which sea turtle is largest?

Answer 35

leatherback

Question 36

Penguins

Answer 36

- legs are short - feed on fish, squid, crustacean - neck short - southern hemi **

Question 37

sea cows Order Sirenia

Answer 37

- no fur - no hind limbs - birth in water

Question 38

whales characteristics

Answer 38

- hairless bodies - tail horizontally flattened, w lateral extensions called flukes - nostrils (blowholes) on top of head - locomotion by vertical movement, flukes provide thrust

Question 39

walruses | Family Odobenidae

Answer 39

- tusks for defense - feed using whiskers - rotating pelvis

Question 40

fishes

Answer 40

"All free-living, aquatic, cold- blooded, gill-breathing craniates in which fins and not pentadactyl limbs are developed."