Week 1

Question 1

Marine biology

Answer 1

study of life in the sea- hypersaline environment

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

how organisms are grouped based on shared/similar characteristics

Question 3

systematics

Answer 3

key to identifying characteristics

Question 4

order of taxonomy

Answer 4

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 5

higher taxonomy-

lower in the taxonomy-

Answer 5

• more conclusive

- more exclusive

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

a group of interbreeding organism, reproductively isolated form others, that have potential to produce unique offspring

Question 7

subduction zone

Answer 7

area where one crustal plate slides on top of the other. they always occur at the deepest part of the ocean.

Question 8

trenches

Answer 8

6000 m

Question 9

tonga trench

Answer 9

10,000 m

Question 10

marianas trench

Answer 10

11,122 mt

Question 11

trenches can be caused by

Answer 11

collision of two oceanic plates

Question 12

shelf break

Answer 12

near shore or shelf zone

Question 13

continental slope

Answer 13

there will be a continental rise (sediments accumulate over time) like long dead organisms. deeper you go the older you get. after the rise, things level out at abyssal plain. its not all smooth. there are rocks and canyons.

Question 14

all of ur major oceanic bases (pacific, atlantic, indian, arctic, antarctic ocean) are

Answer 14

interconnected around antarctica. water moves from antarctic north.

Question 15

why is water is the way it is

Answer 15

1. small molecule. more reactive.
2. polar. can stick to other molecules
3. Covalent bond bw O and H. takes a lot of energy to separate.
   high boiling point: 100 deg C
   high freezing point: 0 deg C
   CO2- boils at -80deg C. they are almost the same size, but diff properties.

Question 16

large bodies of h20 moderate the climate of nearby land masses because

Answer 16

large bodies of water become heat sink, water becomes “resistant to change”
—> Poikilotherms/ectotherm

Question 17

homeotherm/endotherm

Answer 17

(constant)

more ectotherms than homeotherms.

Question 18

most important parts of salinity

Answer 18

sodium and chloride

Question 19

Sechi disk

Answer 19

• clarity or turbidity
• sechi disk used to assess primary productivity which is conducted by photoautotrophs (phytoplankton) converting inorganic carbon (CO2) to sugar (C6H12O6) and O2

Question 20

02 minimum layer

Answer 20

bc net oxygen level is 0. Oxygen minimum layer in subtropical regions due to higher respiration
-primary productivity is approximately equal to respiration.

Question 21

Coriolis effect (force)

Answer 21

objects in motion are deflect due to earth’s rotation. bc of coriolis effect, surface currents move at a 45 angle from wind direction.

Question 22

which oceanic base is larger?

Answer 22

north pacific.

Question 23

upwelling

Answer 23

driving warm nutrient off shore. displaces water around and below it. cold water.

Question 24

why is ocean blue?

Answer 24

0 primary productivity at 1000 m. light penetrance dependent on plankton biomass.

Question 25

crypsis

Answer 25

blending coloration. seen in heteropods (transparent)

Question 26

wave

Answer 26

transfer of wind energy to water. The energy moves through the water, but the water does not move.

Question 27

rogue wave

Answer 27

- wave of unexplained origin | - maybe the result of wave amplification

Question 28

tsunami

Answer 28

-not ‘tidal wave’ —> major undersea perturbation —volcanic eruption earthquake “land slide”

Question 29

spring tides

Answer 29

Earth, sun, and moon align 2 times a month we get higher high tides and lower low tides

Question 30

Neap tides

Answer 30

two times each month

Question 31

tidal bore -->

Answer 31

current from tidal movement

Question 32

semi diurnal

Answer 32

-2 highs 2 lows approx same height bc of continental shelf

Question 33

diurnal

Answer 33

1 high tide one low tide in 24 hour period

Question 34

mixed semidiurnal tides-

Answer 34

little or no continental shelf

Question 35

red tides

Answer 35

-no lunar influence - no“Topography influence” —> Dramatic increase in the abundance of primary producers

Question 36

zooplankton

Answer 36

(drifters) | -animal types

Question 37

holoplankton

Answer 37

“full-time” drifters. They cant move unless current is taking them. -copepods, sea jellies

Question 38

meroplankton

Answer 38

“part time” drifters. Sometimes they use current to move. —>may include a radical change in the body plan —>usually the early life history stage(s) -extreme modification in morphology ex. sea urchins

Question 39

plankton - photoautotrophs - photoheterotrophs

Answer 39

organisms that cant move - phytoplankton (plank plankton) - zooplankton (mostly primary consumers)

Question 40

statocyst

Answer 40

balance orientation. fluid filled chamber. phylum ctenophora

Question 41

torsion

Answer 41

twisting of visceral mass so that anus is close to mouth. class gastropoda

Question 42

hemocoel

Answer 42

cavity where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixes

Question 43

pentamorous

Answer 43

5 sided. radial symmetry. Phylum Echinodermata

Question 44

autostyly

Answer 44

self amputation. phylum echinodermata.

Question 45

evisceration

Answer 45

evident ejection of visceral mass. 7-10 days to generate visceral mass

Question 46

chordate characteristics

Answer 46

1. notochord 2. post anal tail 3. pharyngeal gill slits 4. dorsal hollow nerve cord

Question 47

bioluminescence

Answer 47

light production enzyme reactions

Question 48

red tide or algal bloom

Answer 48

sudden increase in dino's

Question 49

symbiosis

Answer 49

organisms that live in close association. Right next to each other, on, or in.

Question 50

mutualism

Answer 50

benefits both parties

Question 51

commensalism

Answer 51

one benefits, the other is not affected by presence or absence.

Question 52

parasitism

Answer 52

one benefits at the expense of another organism.

Question 53

ecdysis

Answer 53

shedding old skin. phylum arthopoda.

Question 54

mesenchymal cells

Answer 54

in phylum porifera. cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

Question 55

nematocyts

Answer 55

stinging cells. in phylum cnidaria.

Question 56

heat sink

Answer 56

large bodies of water require a lot of energy to change temp. any environment or medium that absorbs heat

Question 57

keystone predator

Answer 57

organism that regulates the community structure of the habitat

Question 58

neotony

Answer 58

retention of the larval form. in phylum chordata

Question 59

pneumatocyts

Answer 59

contains gas in seaweed

Question 60

hadal zone

Answer 60

hadopelagic zone, deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches.

Question 61

semalparity

Answer 61

one reproductive event then death. limits competition.

Question 62

colloblasts

Answer 62

sticky cells in phylum ctenophora.

Question 63

diatoms what acid?

Answer 63

diamoic acid