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Forces And Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is force?

A

A force is a push or pull that results when two objects interact.

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2
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

The unit of force is Newton (N).

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3
Q

How can small forces be measured?

A

Small forces can be measured using a spring balance called a newton-meter.

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4
Q

What happens to the spring in a newton-meter when force increases?

A

The greater the force, the more the spring is stretched and the higher the reading on the scale.

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5
Q

What are the two types of forces?

A

Forces can be described as contact or non-contact forces.

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6
Q

What is a contact force?

A

A contact force is a force that acts when an object is in contact with a surface, air, or water.

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7
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

A non-contact force is a force that acts between objects that are not in contact.

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8
Q

What are examples of non-contact forces?

A

Examples include electrostatic, magnetic, and weight force of gravity.

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9
Q

What are examples of contact forces?

A

Examples include tension, air resistance, and friction.

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10
Q

What do force arrows indicate?

A

The direction and the size of the forces acting upon objects.

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11
Q

What is gravity?

A

The force of attraction between two objects.

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12
Q

How does mass affect gravitational force?

A

The bigger the mass of the object, the stronger the force it produces.

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13
Q

What is weight?

A

The force that acts on mass due to gravity, measured in newtons (N).

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14
Q

How is mass measured?

A

Mass is measured in kilograms or grams.

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15
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

Weight = Mass x gravitational field strength.

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16
Q

What can a force change about an object?

A

An object’s speed, direction, or shape.

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17
Q

What is speed in science?

A

A measure of how fast an object is moving.

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18
Q

What are some examples of activities to measure speed?

A

Walking, cycling, running, driving a car.

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19
Q

What is average speed?

A

The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

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20
Q

What is speed?

A

Speed is a measure of how fast something has travelled over time.

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21
Q

How is speed measured in science?

A

In science, speed is measured in metres per second (m/s).

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22
Q

What are some examples of speeds?

A

Walking: > 1.5 m/s
Cycling: 3 m/s
Running: 5 m/s
Car: > 25 m/s
Train: > 330 m/s

Examples of speeds for different activities.

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23
Q

What factors can affect a person’s speed?

A

A person’s speed can be affected by their fitness level and the terrain they are travelling on.

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24
Q

What factors can affect a vehicle’s speed?

A

A vehicle’s speed can be affected by traffic conditions, the condition of the road, and the size of the engine.

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25
What does speed depend on?
Speed depends on the distance travelled and the time taken.
26
What is the formula for calculating speed?
Speed = distance travelled (m) / time taken (s)
27
What does air resistance do to a cyclist?
Air resistance slows down the cyclist when the wind is too strong.
28
What is friction?
Friction is the force that tries to stop materials sliding past each other.
29
What does a straight diagonal line on a graph indicate?
A straight diagonal line shows the object is moving at a constant speed.
30
What does a steeper line on a graph indicate?
The steeper the line, the greater the speed of the object.
31
What does a horizontal line on a graph indicate?
A horizontal line shows that the object is stationary.
32
What does a curved line on a graph indicate?
A curved line indicates that the object is speeding up or slowing down.
33
What is stopping distance?
Stopping distance is the distance it takes a car to stop in an emergency.
34
What factors does stopping distance depend on?
Stopping distance depends on thinking distance and braking distance.
35
What is thinking distance?
Thinking distance is the distance traveled by the car before the brakes are applied.
36
What is braking distance?
Braking distance is the distance traveled by the car after the brakes are applied.
37
Why do tractors have thick tires?
Tractors have thick tires because mud and fields are more slippery than roads.
38
How can a driver reduce thinking and braking distance?
A driver can reduce thinking and braking distance by being alert.
39
What is needed to calculate the size of a moment?
You need to know the size of the force pushing and its distance away from the pivot.
40
What is the formula for moment?
Moment (Nm) = force (N) × distance (m)
41
What two things does the turning effect of a force depend on?
1. The distance from the pivot 2. The size of the force
42
What happens if you keep inflating a balloon?
The balloon may burst due to increased gas pressure. ## Footnote Gas pressure is the force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of the balloon.
43
Is it easier to squash a partially inflated balloon or a fully inflated one?
It is easier to squash a partially inflated balloon than a fully inflated one. ## Footnote This is because the gas particles in the balloon are constantly colliding with the walls.
44
What causes the pressure inside a balloon?
The pressure is caused by gas particles colliding with the walls of the balloon. ## Footnote Each collision exerts a small force on the walls.
45
What happens to the pressure as the number of collisions increases?
The greater the number of collisions, the greater the pressure inside the balloon.
46
What is the relationship between atmospheric pressure and gas pressure in a balloon?
The pressure of the gases in the atmosphere equals the pressure of the gas particles inside the balloon.
47
What happens when a can is heated?
When the can is heated, it fills with water vapor which pushes against the vapor inside.
48
What creates a partial vacuum inside the can?
The addition of water vapor creates a partial vacuum inside the can as there is now more empty space.
49
What occurs when particles collide with the outside of the can?
There are some particles colliding with the outside at the same time.
50
What is the effect of turbulence on air pressure?
The more turbulence you create, the less air there is, resulting in fewer air particles colliding with an object, meaning less pressure exerted.
51
What is the relationship between collisions and pressure?
More collisions equal more pressure.
52
What happens to atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes?
The higher you go, the less atmospheric pressure there is.
53
What is water pressure?
Water pressure is the force exerted by water molecules pushing on each other and on surfaces, acting in all directions.
54
What happens when you squeeze a liquid?
When you squeeze a liquid, the liquid pressure causes it to be pushed out because liquids are incompressible.
55
How does gravity affect water pressure?
Water flows straight and exerts pressure because of gravity.
56
Can liquids be compressed?
Liquids cannot be compressed because the particles in a liquid are closely packed with very little space between them.
57
How does pressure change with depth in a lake?
The pressure at the bottom of a lake is greater than the pressure at the top due to the weight of the water above.
58
What does pressure at a particular depth depend on?
The pressure at a particular depth in a liquid depends on the volume of water above it.
59
What happens to pressure as you go deeper in a liquid?
The pressure increases because the weight of the water above you gets bigger.
60
What is the effect of pressure on floating objects?
The difference in pressure creates a force on floating objects.
61
What causes an object to float?
An object floats until the weight of the water displaced balances its weight.
62
What happens to the number of water molecules hitting an object as it goes deeper?
More water molecules hit the bottom of the object than the top.
63
What is the pressure in a liquid acting on?
The pressure acts in all directions.
64
What is the term for the difference in pressure affecting floating objects?
This difference in pressure is called buoyancy.
65
What is pressure?
Pressure is the amount of force pushing on a certain area.
66
What does pressure depend on?
The size of the force and the size of the area it is pushing on.
67
What is pressure measured in?
Newtons per square metre or pascal
68
What is the formula for pressure?
Pressure=Force divided by area

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