Forearm

Question 1

How many anterior forearm muscles are there? How many per group?

Answer 1

9
4 superficial
1 middle
3 deep
1 oddity

Question 2

what anterior forearm muscles form the superficial layer

Answer 2

1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

what posterior forearm muscles form the superficial layer

Answer 3

1. brachioradialis (oddball)
2. extensor carpi ulnaris
3. extensor carpi radialis longus
4. extensor carpi radialis brevis
5. extensor digitorum

Question 4

what anterior forearm muscles form the deep layer

Answer 4

1. flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus

Question 5

what posterior forearm muscles form the deep layer

Answer 5

1. supinator
2. abductor pollicis longus
3. extensor pollicis longus
4. extensor pollicis brevis
5. extensor indicis

Question 6

what anterior forearm muscle forms the middle layer

Answer 6

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 7

what is the common origin of all four superficial anterior muscles

Answer 7

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 8

why is brachioradialis considered an oddity?

Answer 8

innervated by radial nerve - mostly visible in anterior compartment but technically a posterior muscle

Question 9

pronator teres origin

Answer 9

medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Question 10

pronator teres insertion

Answer 10

middle of lateral surface of radius (only found in proximal part)

Question 11

pronator teres action

Answer 11

pronates forearm
flexes forearm at elbow

Question 12

pronator teres innervation

Answer 12

median nerve

Question 13

flexor carpi radialis origin

Answer 13

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 14

palmaris longus origin

Answer 14

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 15

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

Answer 15

humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Question 16

flexor carpi radialis insertion

Answer 16

base of second metacarpal (crosses wrist but does not go into the digits)

Question 17

flexor carpi radialis action

Answer 17

flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist

Question 18

flexor carpi radialis innervation

Answer 18

median nerve

Question 19

palmaris longus insertion

Answer 19

distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Question 20

palmaris longus action

Answer 20

tightens palmar aponeurosis
weak flexor of hand

Question 21

which forearm muscle has little functional value

Answer 21

palmaris longus - has a small muscle belly and very long tendon
(some people don’t even have one)

Question 22

palmaris longus innervation

Answer 22

median nerve

Question 23

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

Answer 23

pisiform, hamate and fifth metacarpal

Question 24

flexor carpi ulnaris action

Answer 24

flexes and adducts hand at the wrist

Question 25

flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

Answer 25

ulnar nerve

Question 26

brachioradialis origin

Answer 26

proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (higher than epicondyle)

Question 27

brachioradialis insertion

Answer 27

lateral surface of distal end of radius

Question 28

brachioradialis action

Answer 28

flexes the forearm

Question 29

brachioradialis innervation

Answer 29

radial nerve

Question 30

what grip does the brachioradialis work best in

Answer 30

hammer grip - beer drinking muscle

Question 31

flexor digitorum superficialis origin

Answer 31

Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, ulnar collateral ligament Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius

Question 32

flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

Answer 32

bodies of middle phalanges 2-5

Question 33

what muscle makes up the bulk of the forearm

Answer 33

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 34

flexor digitorum superficialis action

Answer 34

flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of the 4 digits (not thumb) also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpalphalangeal joints

Question 35

flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

Answer 35

median nerve

Question 36

flexor digitorum profundus origin

Answer 36

proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of the ulna and the interosseus membrane

Question 37

flexor digitorum profundus insertion

Answer 37

bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5 (all the way to fingertips)

Question 38

flexor digitorum profundus action

Answer 38

flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 assists with flexion of hand

Question 39

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

Answer 39

medial part: ulnar nerve lateral part: median nerve

Question 40

flexor pollicis longus origin

Answer 40

anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane

Question 41

flexor pollicis longus insertion

Answer 41

base of distal phalanx of thumb

Question 42

flexor pollicis longus action

Answer 42

flexes the thumb's phalanges

Question 43

flexor pollicis longus innervation

Answer 43

median nerve

Question 44

pronator quadratus origin

Answer 44

distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

Question 45

pronator quadratus insertion

Answer 45

distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

Question 46

pronator quadratus action

Answer 46

pronates forearm deep fibres bind radius and ulna together - has horizontal fibres

Question 47

pronator quadratus innervation

Answer 47

median nerve

Question 48

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 48

pressure and compression of the median nerves

Question 49

what structure is responsible for forming the carpal tunnel

Answer 49

flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

Question 50

what passes through the carpal tunnel

Answer 50

flexor tendons and median nerve