Forensics Flashcards
(59 cards)
What is restorative justice?
where a criminal attempts to put right their wrong and involves communication with the victim
What are the aims of restorative justice?
1 rehabilitation of offenders (victim has an opportunity to explain the impact on their lives
2 Atonement for wrongdoing - may pay for their actions e.g. compensation
3 Victim’s perspective is made aware of and they are no longer powerless
What is the difference between the old and new model of restorative justice?
Early model focuses just on criminal and victim but modern one focuses on the wider community
What are peace circles?
set up where there is violence and community offers support to the victim and welcomes the offender so that a mutual understanding can be obtained
How has this been successful (evaluation)?
Victims felt the scheme was beneficial and found an 85% satisfaction rate
How had it helped reduce reoffending?
Research has examined the RJ and showed reduced re-offending rates
What are the ethical issues?
Victims may feel worse afterwards as facing the offender can have some distressing effects
How does anger management deal with offending behaviour?
It aims to reduce anger by using CBT to replace it with a new behaviour
What are the 2 aims of it?
Attempts to reduce the anger in prison and in the long run reducing recidivism (re-offending)
What is the process of the CBT?
1 Cognitive reconstruction - self awareness and controlling cognitive functions to do with anger
2 Regulation of arousal - learning to control the physiological state
3 Behavioural strategies - e.g. problem solving and assertiveness
What is stress inoculation?
It aims to provide a kind of vaccination against future infections
What are the stages of the stress inoculation?
1 client learns about anger and how it can be adaptive and non adaptive
2 skill acquisition - taught skills how to manage anger
3 then they apply the skills in role play and receive feedback
What is the success of anger management programmes?
these programmes are successful in reducing anger and thus re-offending rates
Short vs long term goals (evaluation)
Mainly focuses on short term goals of reducing anger in prison and fewer studied looked at the long term effects on recidivism- but did find reduction in re-offending
Methodological problems?
difficult to make comparisons in variables in anger progrannes as some were quite brief and different types of offender
What is behaviour modification in custody?
An alternative to punishment - using reward to reinforce desirable behaviour
What type of conditioning is behaviour modification based on?
Operant conditioning
What is token economy?
A system of exchange of goods where token NS can be exchanged for a reward
What is the aim of token economy?
Reinforcing new behaviours and prisoners are given tokens when they perform a desirable behaviour
How is punishment used in token economy?
removing tokens if behaviour is undesirable
How can complex behaviour be taught?
Through shaping where tokens are given for behaviours that eventually become more complex
What was Hobbs and Holt’s study?
observed token economy a state training school for delinquents and the staff had to define target behaviours and discuss methods of observing and they received tokens for it
Social behaviour increased
What is an advantage of the token economy?
It is easy to implement as officers just need to think about what behaviours are desirable and improve the prison environment
Individual difference?
Some respond to operant conditioning better than others - less successful with violent offenders