Form 4 Term 1 Biology Unit 15 - Cells Membranes and Movement

Question 1

Osmosis

Answer 1

MOVES WATER MOLEULeS
DOESNT NEED EERGY
net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to area of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 2

diffusion

Answer 2

net movement of particles from areas of high concentration to area of low concentration
eg packed together to spread out
solid diffusing out to gas

Question 3

active transport

Answer 3

movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to an region of higher concentration using energy

process requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient (like up a hill)

Question 4

photosynthesis

Answer 4

process by which plants and some bacteria synthesis food molecules which they use for respiration

process needs energy - usually from the sun

Question 5

equation for photosynthesis

Answer 5

carbon dioxide plus water [sunlight and chlorophyl] - equals glucose and oxygen

Question 6

what do you need in a cell for photosynthesise

Answer 6

chlorophyl

Question 7

respiration

Answer 7

chemical processes that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Question 8

what carries oxygen arounds you blood

Answer 8

haemoglobin

Question 9

gas exchange

Answer 9

process where gas and oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide across a membrane surface

Question 10

main part of animal cells

Answer 10

nucleus, cell membrane. cytoplasm

Question 11

animal cells do not have ….

Answer 11

a cell wall

no chloroplast - so no photosynthesis

Question 12

living organisms have 7 characteristics

Answer 12

MRSGREN

Question 13

what’s only in plant cells not animal cells

Answer 13

cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole

plus: cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 14

cytoplasm

Answer 14

where chemical reactions happen - contains organelles

Question 15

nucleus

Answer 15

contents the genetic material - DNA

controls the entire cell

Question 16

cell membrane

Answer 16

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 17

cell wall

Answer 17

made from cellulose and strengthens the cell and supports the plant

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

where energy is released in respiration

Question 19

ribosomes

Answer 19

where protein synthesis happens

Question 20

chloroplast

Answer 20

contains green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs the light in photosynthesis

Question 21

what is tissue

Answer 21

made of group of cells of similar structure an function

Question 22

examples of tissue

Answer 22

muscles, intestine, lining of your lungs

Question 23

organs

Answer 23

made of different tissues all working together

Question 24

example of organs

Answer 24

heart lung stomach brain

leaf or root

Question 25

example of organ system of different organs working together

Answer 25

digestive system respitatory system nervous systems reproductiive systems

Question 26

3 processes contribute to movement of substances and out of cells

Answer 26

Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport

Question 27

examples of diffusion in your body

Answer 27

respiratory system - high CO2 in blood as it returns to lungs - then get oxygen and returns to body with high levels of CO2 SUBSTANCES MOVED WITH DIFFUSION - CO2 oxyegnet water food, urea , wastes DOESNT NEED ENERGY

Question 28

example of active transport in plants

Answer 28

NEEDS ENERGY active transport when plant roots "soak up" mineral ions it needs from the soil around it

Question 29

example of active transport in animals/humans

Answer 29

NEEDS ENERGY | movement of glucose molecules from the gut into intestinal cells and then into the blood.

Question 30

gas exchange system in humans or animals

Answer 30

physical process in which gas and oxygen (need for respiration) is EXCHANGED for carbon dioxide (produced in respiration ) means the EXCHANGE of oxygen gas for Carbon dioxide gas - uses you diaphragm and other muscles to breath INHALING OXYGEN EXHALE /expiration of CO2 - relaxing of diaphragm

Question 31

respiration is a chemical process

Answer 31

release HEAT energy - hot breath - exothermic process happens in your cells - different to breathing

Question 32

oxygen moves out of the capillaries by the process of

Answer 32

diffusion

Question 33

how do capillaries enable sustances to pass through their wall s

Answer 33

capillaries have thin walls - they are only one cell thick

Question 34

what organs and structures are involved in the gas exchange system (start at top of body )

Answer 34

``` nose mouth trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli lungs intercostal muscles the pleural membrane ```

Question 35

what protects the lungs

Answer 35

RIBS AND RIB MUSCLES

Question 36

what organs are used in the human respiratory system

Answer 36

lungs and heart

Question 37

what is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 37

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water _ energy C6H1206 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6 H20 + energy released

Question 38

describe how blood circulates starting with the heart

Answer 38

heart - arteries - capillary network within an organism - vein - heart

Question 39

3 types of blood vessels

Answer 39

arteries =- carry blood from heart - thick muscles walls - strong because of presurre from heart veins - carry blood from organs towards the heart - thinner with valves to prevent back flow of blood capillaries - make up most of the body blood vessels - network in all tissue - tiny with very thin walls

Question 40

in your heart what do left and right atria (atrium) do

Answer 40

collect the blood going FROM your lungs and body | A for Atrium A for AWAY FROM

Question 41

in your heart what do the left and right ventricles do

Answer 41

VENTRICLES - TO THE HEART (T = TOWARDS) | have thick muscular walls for pumping blood TO the lungs and from the body

Question 42

what do valves do in your heart

Answer 42

stop the blood flowing back into the auricles - means keep the blood flowing the one way like a circuit

Question 43

4 types of things in your blood

Answer 43

platelets plasma white blood cells red blood cells

Question 44

what carries oxygen in your blood

Answer 44

the haemoglobin in your red blood cells

Question 45

what do white blood cells do

Answer 45

carry antibodies to fight disease

Question 46

what is plasma in your blood

Answer 46

removes the waste Co2 , carries water

Question 47

what do platelets your blood do

Answer 47

cause your blood to clot

Question 48

there is a metal in your blood. What is it and where is it

Answer 48

Iron | in the haemoglobin

Question 49

explain difference gas exchange, respiration and breathing

Answer 49

gas exchange is the exchange of Co2 to Oxygen respiration is a chemical process in your cells breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling using your nose mouth diaphragm etc